Long term effects of artificial rearing before weaning on the growth performance, ruminal microbiota and fermentation of fattening lambs

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63763-2

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早期营养干预是调控成年动物肠道微生物区系的重要驱动力。然而，对于羔羊早期营养调控产生后效应的机制还没有统一的认识。本研究将60只20日龄羔羊分为随母哺乳（ER）和人工饲养（AR）两组，研究了AR策略对断奶前（20-60日龄）羔羊瘤胃微生物区系、发酵功能和组织形态的影响及其在育肥期（61-180日龄）的后效应。在断奶前阶段，ER羔羊随母哺乳并补饲开食料，AR羔羊则用代乳粉和开食料人工喂养。在育肥阶段，两个处理的所有羔羊均饲喂相同的育肥日粮。在60、120和180日龄时，每组分别屠宰6只羔羊，采集瘤胃内容物和组织样品以备检测相关指标。与ER羔羊相比，AR羔羊20-180日龄干物质采食量显著增加（P<0.05），61-120日龄日增重显著提高（P<0.05），121-180日龄日增重呈上升趋势（0.05<P<0.1）。虽然断奶前羔羊瘤胃短链脂肪酸（SCFA，包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）组间无显著差异（P>0.05），但育肥全期AR羔羊的瘤胃SCFA显著高于ER羔羊（P<0.05）。试验全期AR羔羊瘤胃角质层厚度低于ER羔羊（P<0.05）。随着羔羊从60-180日龄的生长，AR和ER组羔羊的瘤胃细菌多样性差异显著变大（P<0.05）。与ER羔羊相比，AR羔羊60日龄瘤胃螺旋体门（Spirochaetes）和密螺旋体属（Treponema）、120日龄瘤胃放线杆菌门（Actinobacteria）和琥珀酸杆菌属（Succiniclasticum）及180日龄瘤胃变形杆菌门（Proteobacteria）菌群相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05），但60-180日龄瘤胃硒单胞菌属（Selenomonas）、180日龄时瘤胃厌氧弧菌属（Anaerovibrio）菌群相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，断奶前早期干预通过提高羔羊干物质采食量，促进了瘤胃发育、对瘤胃发酵产生积极的后效应，对肥育羔羊增重性能也产生了一定的后效作用。建议利用早期人工饲养策略改善育肥羔羊瘤胃发酵功能。

Abstract: Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing (ER) and artificial-rearing (AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs (from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage (from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased (P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain (ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age (P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age (0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning (P>0.05), it was higher (P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner (P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct (P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased (P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs.

Key words: artificial rearing , lamb , rumen microbiome , rumen fermentation , growth

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 1146-1160.

HUANG Wen-qin, CUI Kai, HAN Yong, CHAI Jian-min, WANG Shi-qin, LÜ Xiao-kang, DIAO Qi-yu, ZHANG Nai-feng. Long term effects of artificial rearing before weaning on the growth performance, ruminal microbiota and fermentation of fattening lambs[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 1146-1160.

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