Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 1941-1951.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63598-5

所属专题: 玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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JIA-2020-1767 玉米产量和籽粒含水量与叶片,茎秆和根系的关系

  

  • 收稿日期:2020-08-21 接受日期:2020-12-16 出版日期:2022-07-01 发布日期:2020-12-16

Grain yield and grain moisture associations with leaf, stem and root characteristics in maize

XU Chen-chen, ZHANG Ping, WANG Yuan-yuan, LUO Ning, TIAN Bei-jing, LIU Xi-wei, WANG Pu, HUANG Shou-bing
  

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
  • Received:2020-08-21 Accepted:2020-12-16 Online:2022-07-01 Published:2020-12-16
  • About author:Correspondence HUANG Shou-bing, E-mail: huangshoubing@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701361) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD300301).

摘要:

本研究在2017年使用12个玉米品种进行了两个播期的田间试验,2019年使用10个玉米品种进行了田间试验。2017年早播的玉米产量在6.5 到14.6 t ha-1之间,晚播的玉米产量在9.3 到12.7 t ha-1之间,2019年玉米产量在5.9 到7.4 t ha-1之间,收获时的籽粒含水量分别在29.8-34.9%, 29.4-34.5%和31.9-37.1% 范围内。较大的最大叶面积有利于高产,叶片衰老速度快有利于后期籽粒脱水,根系结构紧凑有利于高产和籽粒快速脱水。较强壮的茎秆提高了玉米的抗倒伏能力,但在收获时却保持了较高的籽粒含水量,这对玉米高产低含水量是一个挑战。高产低籽粒含水量的玉米品种具备灌浆速率快,灌浆时间长,灌浆后期籽粒脱水速率快的特点。灌浆后期较高的日间温度可以通过影响籽粒灌浆和脱水进而提高玉米产量和降低籽粒含水量,说明调整播期可能可以作为达到籽粒机械收获的一个策略。


Abstract:

Improving grain yield (GY) and reducing grain moisture (GM) are urgent demands for directly harvesting kernels with combine harvesters in maize production.  GY and GM are both related to leaf, stem and root characteristics, but the relationships are not fully understood.  To better understand these relationships, we conducted a field trial involving 12 maize hybrids with two sowing dates in 2017 and 10 maize hybrids with one sowing date in 2019.  GY ranged from 6.5–14.6 t ha–1 in early-sown varieties and 9.3–12.7 t ha–1 in late-sown varieties in 2017, and 5.9–7.4 t ha–1 in 2019, respectively, with corresponding GM variations of 29.8–34.9%, 29.4–34.5% and 31.9–37.1% at harvest.  A large maximum leaf area contributed to a high yield, a fast leaf senescence rate accelerated grain dehydration in the late growth period, and a compact root structure resulted in both of high-yield and fast-grain dehydration.  A strong stem improved lodging resistance but maintained a high GM at harvest, and it is challenging to combine high GY and low GM in maize.  High GY co-existed with low GM in some varieties that should have a rapid grain filling, a relatively long grain-filling duration, and a rapid grain dehydration in the late growth period.  A high daily temperature in the late growth period also improved GY and reduced GM by influencing grain filling and dehydration, suggesting that adjusting the sowing date should be an alternative strategy to combine high GY and low GM in kernel harvesting. 

Key words: maize ,  grain yield ,  grain moisture ,  stem strength