Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63595-X

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对双季稻高产栽培中存在氮肥用量大的问题，研究了壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻根系形态生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明，壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻单株根系形态特征的影响不显著，但对群体根系形态特征的影响显著，显著提高了群体根系鲜重、根体积、根数、根长和根干重。壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对单株根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积的影响也不显著，但在分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期显著提高了水稻群体根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积。而且，壮秧增密减氮栽培模式显著增加了抽穗期水稻根系伤流强度以及伤流液中可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量。与传统栽培模式（CK）相比，壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的早稻和晚稻抽穗期根系伤流强度分别比对照高4.37%和8.90%，伤流液中可溶性糖含量分别比对照高12.85%和10.41%，游离氨基酸含量分别比对照高43.25%和37.50%。此外，由于有效穗数和结实率的提高，壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的双季稻实际产量有所提高，2016年和2017年双季早稻实际产量分别比对照提高9.37%和5.98%，2016年和2017年双季晚稻实际产量分别比对照提高0.20%和1.41%。相关分析表明，不同生育期的大部分根系特征指标与实际产量呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）正相关。

Abstract: To address the relationships between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and the yield of double cropping rice systems, we investigated the effects of a cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application (SDN) on the morphological and physiological characteristics of double cropping rice. Our results indicated that the effects of SDN on the morphological characteristics of the single plant roots of double cropping rice were not significant, but the morphological characteristics of the population roots were largely different. Specifically, SDN significantly increased the morphological indexes of the root population such as root fresh weight, root volume, root number, root length and root dry weight. The effects of SDN on the total root absorption areas and root active absorption areas of the single plants were non-significant, but it dramatically enhanced the total root absorption areas and root active absorption areas of the plant population during the tillering, heading and mature stages. In addition, SDN significantly increased the root bleeding intensity and elevated the soluble sugar and free amino acid contents of root bleeding sap. Compared to the traditional cultivation pattern (CK), SDN significantly increased root bleeding intensity at the heading stage by 4.37 and 8.90% for early and late rice, respectively. Meanwhile, SDN profoundly enhanced the soluble sugar contents of root bleeding sap by 12.85 and 10.41% for early and late rice, respectively. In addition, SDN also significantly enhanced free amino acid content of root bleeding sap by 43.25% for early rice and by 37.50% for late rice systems compared to CK. Furthermore, SDN increased the actual yield of double cropping rice mainly due to the higher effective panicle number and the larger seed-setting rate. The actual yields of early rice under SDN were higher than CK by 9.37 and 5.98% in 2016 and 2017, and the actual yields of late rice under SDN were higher than CK by 0.20 and 1.41% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the significant positive correlations were observed between the majority of the root indexes and the actual yield across the four different growth stages.

Key words: planting density , nitrogen fertilizer , double cropping rice , root , yield

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1278-1289.

GUAN Xian-jiao, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xian-mao, XIE Jiang, DENG Guo-qiang, HU Li-zhen, LI Yao, QIAN Yin-fei, QIU Cai-fei, PENG Chun-rui. Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1278-1289.

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