Effect of side deep placement of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of single season late japonica rice

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63362-7

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

测深施氮对提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率具有重要作用。然而测深施肥条件下，减少施氮次数和减少施氮量对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用影响的研究较少。本研究在测深施条件下，于2018和2019年分别设置了减少施氮次数(RTN)和减少施氮量(RNR)试验，测定了水稻产量及其构成因素、SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素积累、氮肥利用效率相关指标，比较了各处理间上述指标的差异。结果发现相同施氮量条件下， RTN3 (70%基肥侧深施+30%穗肥)处理下南粳9108和南粳5718产量比常规施肥分别提高了9.64%和10.18%。品种和处理间SPAD值、LAI指数、干物质积累差异达到极显著水平。在2018和2019年，抽穗期氮素积累最高的为RTN3，其平均氮素积累量为11.33×10^-2 t hm^-2。相同施氮量下RTN3氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥吸收利用率分别比其余处理提高了8.1%-21.28%、8.51%-41.76%、0.28%-14.52%。随着施氮量的降低，RNR各处理的SPAD、LAI、干物质积累、氮效率相关指标显著降低。侧深施肥下，减少氮肥施用次数和减少施氮量均可以使水稻高产高效，本研究将为测深施肥条件下水稻精确定量施肥提供重要的参考依据。

Abstract:

Side deep placement of nitrogen plays an important role in improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Few studies have examined the effects of reducing the times of nitrogen (RTN) application and reducing the nitrogen rate (RNR) of application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side deep placement of nitrogen in paddy fields. Therefore, a field experiment of RNT and RNR treatments was conducted with nine fertilization modes during the 2018–2019 rice growing seasons in a rice–wheat cropping system of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were investigated under side deep placement of nitrogen. We found that under the same nitrogen application rate, the yield of RTN3 increased by 9.64 and 10.18% in rice varieties NJ9108 and NJ5718, respectively, compared with the farmers’ fertilizer practices (FFP). The nitrogen accumulation of RTN3 was the highest at heading stage, at 11.30 t ha^–1 across 2018 and 2019. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N recovery efficiency (NRE) of RTN3 were 8.1–21.28%, 8.51–41.76% and 0.28–14.52% higher than those of the other fertilization modes, respectively. RNR led to decreases in SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency. These results suggest that RTN3 increased rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the side deep placement of nitrogen, and RNR1 could achieve the goals of saving cost and increasing resource use efficiency. Two fertilization modes RTN3 and RNR1 both could achieve the dual goals of increasing grain yield and resource use efficiency and thus are worth further application and investigation.

Key words: japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) , fertilization mode side deep placement of nitrogen , grain yield , nitrogen use efficiency

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1487-1502.

ZHAO Can, HUANG Heng, QIAN Zi-hui, JIANG Heng-xin, LIU Guang-ming, XU Ke, HU Ya-jie, DAI Qi-gen, HUO Zhong-yang. Effect of side deep placement of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of single season late japonica rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1487-1502.

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