Effects of different types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63406-2

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验探讨了7种不同类型缓控释肥一次性施用对水稻产量及群体特征的影响。在研究肥料氮素（N）释放特征的基础上，于2018和2019年进行盆栽试验，以常规分次施肥（CK，基穗比为1:1）为对照，对水稻叶片SPAD值、产量及其构成、茎蘖动态和干物质积累进行研究。结果表明：不同类型缓控释肥的氮素释放特征差异显著。树脂包衣尿素（PCU）表现为控释模式，整个生育期持续释放氮素；硫包衣尿素（SCU）表现为缓释模式，中后期氮素释放不足；脲酶抑制剂尿素（AHA）和脲甲醛（UF）表现为速释模式，前期爆发性释放，中后期无释放，但其供肥能力可持续到抽穗期。PCU延缓了高峰苗期，与CK相比，干物质积累、叶片SPAD值无显著差异，同时由于整个生育阶段氮素的持续释放，每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重增加，从而提高水稻产量；SCU由于后期氮供应不足，总颖花量低，水稻产量降低，但差异不显著；AHA和UF易受环境因素的影响，对产量的影响不一致。本试验结果表明，在盆栽等量施氮条件下，供肥能力强、有效持续时间长的肥料类型更有利于水稻后期干物质积累，提高产量。

Abstract:

This experiment explored the effects of single application of seven types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield and various population characteristics. Based on a study of the nitrogen (N) release characteristics of these fertilizers, pot experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 with split fertilization (CK, urea applied split equally at basal and panicle initiation stages, respectively) as control, which assessed the effects on SPAD value, yield and yield components, dynamic changes of rice tillers and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that the N release characteristics of different types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers were significantly different. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) showed a controlled-release mode and provided sustained release throughout the whole growth stages. Sulfur-coated urea (SCU) exhibited a slow-release mode, providing insufficient release at the middle and late stages. Urease inhibitor urea (AHA) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) yielded a rapid-release mode, with an explosive N release at the early stage and no release at the middle and late stages. These results showed that PCU delayed the peak seedling stage. Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation and SPAD showed no significant differences, and due to the continuous release of N throughout the growth stages, rice yield, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1 000-grain weight were all increased. Owing to the lack of N supply at the late stage and the low number of spikelets, SCU led to a reduction of rice yield, which is nevertheless not statistically significant. AHA and UF were susceptible to environmental factors and had varying effects on rice yield. The results of this experiment indicated that given a fixed amount of N applied in a pot, the stronger the N supply capacity and the longer the effective duration time of the fertilizer, the higher the dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage, and the higher the rice yield.

Key words: slow- and controlled-release fertilizers , fertilizer types , rice yield , fertilizer release characteristics

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1503-1514.

WU Qiong, WANG Yu-hui, DING Yan-feng, TAO Wei-ke, GAO Shen, LI Quan-xin, LI Wei-wei, LIU Zheng-hui, LI Gang-hua. Effects of different types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1503-1514.

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