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1. JIA-2021-1152 基于¹⁵N气体通量法原位定量集约化石灰性农田土壤的N₂通量

LIU Yan, WANG Rui, PAN Zhan-lei, ZHENG Xun-hua, WEI Huan-huan, ZHANG Hong-rui, MEI Bao-ling, QUAN Zhi, FANG Yun-ting, JU Xiao-tang

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022, 21 (9): 2750-2766. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.016

摘要（215）

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本研究以华北玉麦轮作农田石灰性土壤为研究对象，针对玉米和小麦季的两次施肥事件，采用¹⁵N气体通量法（¹⁵NGF）对田间原位土壤N₂通量进行为期一周的观测。施用肥料为¹⁵N标记尿素（丰度为99 atom％），施用量为130（玉米季）和150（小麦季）kg N ha^–1；并于施肥后的第一、三和五天（缩写DAF 1、DAF 3和DAF 5）进行模拟灌水，控制灌水后土壤湿度达~60% WFPS。结果显示：当罩箱时间为2、4和6 h时，土壤N₂通量的检测限分别为163–1565、81–485和54–281 μg N m^–2 h^–1。土壤N₂通量为159–2943（平均：811）μg N m^–2 h^–1，98.3%的通量数据高于其检测限（即120个观测数据中仅2个达不到通量检测限）。灌溉时间显著影响玉米季观测期内的土壤N₂平均通量，DAF 3处理较DAF 1和DAF 5处理高约80%（p<0.01）；而在小麦季，不同灌溉时间的N₂通量无差异。而且，玉米季观测期内的N₂通量和氧化亚氮（N₂O）与N₂产物比（N₂O/(N₂O+N₂)）均较小麦季高约65%和11倍（p<0.01）。该差异主要归因于玉米季观测期内更高的土壤湿度、温度和氮底物的有效性，利用反硝化贡献N2排放和N₂O/（N₂O+N2）比值。该研究表明¹⁵NGF方法可应用于原位定量集约化石灰性农田土壤的N₂通量。

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2. Application of vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides: Poaceae (L.) as a trap plant for rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis: Crambidae (Walker) in the paddy fields

LU Yan-hui, ZHENG Xu-song, LU Zhong-xian

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18 (4): 797-804. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62088-X

摘要（295）

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Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been observed in China mainly due to changes in the rice cultivation systems, wide adoption of hybrid varieties and resistance to the dominant insecticides. Management relies primarily on chemical insecticides and resistance is an important contributing factor in these outbreaks. As a result, food safety of agricultural produce is reduced and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened as well. Recently, environmentally friendly pest management measures, such as trap plants have been introduced for C. suppressalis management and this method can greatly reduce insecticide use. Our previous results indicated that the vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) is a dead-end trap plant that can effectively attract the adult females of C. suppressalis to lay eggs on it but where larvae are unable to complete their life cycle. This paper further explored the application of vetiver grass as a trap plant to manage C. suppressalis in the paddy fields. This environment-friendly tool can not only reduce C. suppressalis populations, it can also increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that can provide better environmental conditions for rice production.

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3. Electrophysiological responses of the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis to volatiles of the trap plant vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.)

LU Yan-hui, LIU Kai, ZHENG Xu-song, LÜ Zhong-xian

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017, 16 (11): 2525-2533. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61658-7

摘要（715）

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Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis (Walker), an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography (EAG) responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and α-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01 μg μL^–1 linalool and 50 μg μL^–1 α-pinene, 50 μg μL^–1 caryophyllene and 0.01 μg μL^–1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL^–1 β-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL^–1 linalool, and 0.01 μg μL^–1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL^–1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.

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4. Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Rheb Gene in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus)

ZHENG Xu, YANG Jiao-fu, WANG Xiao-jing, LIANG Yan, WU Man-lin, SHI Jie-jun, ZHANG Tao, QIN Yin, LI Shu-yu, HAO Xi-yan, WANG Zhi-gang , LIU Dong-jun

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2011, 10 (9): 1452-1458. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60138-7

摘要（1565）

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As one member of the Ras super family, Rheb is an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates the process of cell-growth, proliferation and differentiation. In order to study the relationship between Rheb and mTOR in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) cells, Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) gene cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR. It is 555 bp in length and includes the complete ORF encoding 184 amino acids (GenBank accession no. HM569224). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with that of sheep, 98% with cattle and 93% with human while their amino acids sequence shares identity with 98, 97 and 97% of them, correspondingly. The bioinformatics analysis showed that Rheb has a Ras family domain, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, two ATP/GTP-binding sites motif A (P-loop), a prenyl group binding site (CAAX box). Tissue-specific expression analysis performed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The Rheb gene was expressed in all the tested tissues and the highest level of mRNA accumulation was detected in brain, suggesting that Rheb played an important role in goat cells.

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