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1. 甜菊SrUGT76G1上游负调控因子SrMYB1的克隆与功能研究
ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Yong-xia, SUN Yu-ming, XU Xiao-yang, WANG Yin-jie, CHONG Xin-ran, YANG Yong-heng and YUAN Hai-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1058-1067.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.001
摘要212)      PDF    收藏

SrUGT76G1对于合成优质甜菊糖苷至关重要,也是目前甜菊中研究最为深入的糖基转移酶基因,但是关于它的转录调控机制目前还不甚了解。本研究通过酵母单杂交手段鉴定得到了一个SrUGT76G1的上游调控因子SrMYB1SrMYB1属于典型的R2R3类型的MYB类转录因子,其定位在细胞核并且具有转录激活活性。SrMYB1在花中的表达量较高而在叶片中较低。酵母单杂(Y1H)和凝胶阻滞(EMSA)实验证实SrMYB1可以结合在SrUGT76G1启动子的+50-141区域即F4-3区段。进一步研究发现在烟草表皮细胞和甜菊愈伤组织中SrMYB1均可显著抑制SrUGT76G1的表达。综上所述,本研究不但发现了一个SrUGT76G1的潜在上游调控因子并且丰富了甜菊中糖苷代谢途径的调控网络。

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2. 硝酸盐响应转录因子MdNLP7通过调节生长素反应调控愈伤组织的形成
LI Tong, FENG Zi-quan, ZHANG Ting-ting, YOU Chun-xiang, ZHOU Chao, WANG Xiao-fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 3022-3033.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.08.007
摘要194)      PDF    收藏

植物细胞具有全能性,在合适的培养条件下,已分化的植物细胞可以通过脱分化和再分化过程产生新的植物组织和器官。在这一过程中,生长素促进细胞生长与分裂,诱导愈伤组织的形成;细胞分裂素促进细胞的分裂并诱导不定芽的形成。硝酸盐不仅是植物生长发育必需的营养元素,还作为信号分子激活一系列基因的表达,进而影响植物生长发育。植物体内的硝酸盐信号通路还能够调控影响生长素的生物合成和运输,调控植物侧根的生长发育。MdNLP7是硝酸盐响应的主要调节因子,参与了植物体内硝酸盐的吸收和转运。在本研究中,将MdNLP7转录因子在拟南芥中异位表达,发现MdNLP7蛋白可以调控根外植体的再生;进一步的研究结果表明,MdNLP7介导了中柱鞘细胞分裂的起始。在愈伤组织形成的过程中,MdNLP7可以上调生长素合成和转运相关基因的表达,并通过影响生长素的分布来实现对根外植体形成的调控过程,进而调控硝酸盐介导的根外植体再生。

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3. Potassium deficiency inhibits steviol glycosides synthesis by limiting leaf sugar metabolism in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) plants
SUN Yu-ming, HUANG Xiao-lei, ZHANG Ting, YANG Yong-heng, CHENG Xiao-fang, XU Xiao-yang, YUAN Hai-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 2932-2943.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63472-4
摘要134)      PDF    收藏

甜菊叶片中的甜菊糖苷由于具有高甜度和低热量的特点而凸显价值,这推动了甜叶菊商业化种植的发展。优化施肥管理可以有效提高甜菊糖苷的生产力,但是目前关于钾肥与甜菊糖苷生产之间的关系尚不明确。本研究通过盆栽试验揭示了甜菊缺钾对叶片甜菊糖苷合成的影响并探索了其潜在机制。结果表明,在高钾土壤背景下,与常规施钾相比,不施钾肥对甜菊生物量没有显著影响。然而,不施钾肥显著降低了叶片中甜菊糖苷的含量以及甜菊糖苷合成相关基因的表达水平。在缺钾条件下,叶片中不同糖组分含量显著降低,糖代谢相关酶的活性受到抑制。此外,通过对甜菊幼苗叶片进行蔗糖喷施可以有效减弱缺钾造成的甜菊糖苷抑制作用。研究结果还揭示了甜菊叶片中蔗糖、葡萄糖与甜菊糖苷含量之间的显著正相关关系。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明缺钾会抑制甜菊叶片中甜菊糖苷合成,而这种抑制作用是由叶片糖代谢介导的。我们的发现为进一步提高甜菊糖苷的生产潜力提供了新的见解。


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4. Egg tanning improves the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant locust production by enhancing defense ability after microinjection
ZHANG Ting-ting, WEN Ting-mei, YUE Yang, YAN Qiang, DU Er-xia, FAN San-hong, Siegfried ROTH, LI Sheng, ZHANG Jian-zhen, ZHANG Xue-yao, ZHANG Min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2716-2726.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63736-X
摘要135)      PDF    收藏

突变效率和孵化率是影响基因编辑昆虫构建的两个关键因素。在CRISPR/Cas9介导的dsLmRNase2-/-突变体蝗虫构建过程中,我们发现注射与卵囊接触20 min的鞣化卵比未鞣化的新鲜卵获得突变体飞蝗的效率更高。然而,鞣化和未鞣化卵产生的dsLmRNase2突变遗传到G1代的效率相似。此外,发育正常的鞣化和未鞣化的G0代卵和成虫的有效突变率没有显著差异,表明鞣化并不影响CRISPR/Cas9介导的突变效率。同时,我们发现飞蝗合胞体分裂期比鞣化时间长,为显微注射的鞣化卵和未鞣化卵提供了足够的时间窗口以完成有效地基因编辑。我们进一步发现,鞣化卵显微注射后感染率较低进而表现出更高的孵化率。抗压和超微结构分析表明,鞣化卵具有压缩的卵壳,能够承受较高的外部压力。综上所述,鞣化卵具有更强的防御能力以提高孵化率,并保持了更高的基因组突变效率,为开发CRISPR/Cas9介导的飞蝗突变体构建提供了一种优化的技术方法。


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5. Identification of long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744 and QTL analysis for agronomic traits in rice
MA Fu-ying, DU Jie, WANG Da-chuan, WANG Hui, ZHAO Bing-bing, HE Guang-hua, YANG Zheng-lin, ZHANG Ting, WU Ren-hong, ZHAO Fang-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1163-1169.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62751-6
摘要118)      PDF    收藏
Length of grain affects the appearance, quality, and yield of rice.  A rice long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744, with Nipponbare as the recipient parent and Xihui 18 as the donor parent, was identified.  Z744 contains a total of six substitution segments distributed on chromosomes (Chrs.) 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12, with an average substitution length of 2.72 Mb.  The grain length, ratio of length to width, and 1 000-grain weight of Z744 were significantly higher than those in Nipponbare.  The plant height, panicle number, and seed-set ratio in Z744 were significantly lower than those in Nipponbare, but they were still 78.7 cm, 13.5 per plant, and 86.49%, respectively.  Furthermore, eight QTLs of different traits were identified in the secondary F2 population, constructed by Nipponbare and Z744 hybridization.  The grain weight of Z744 was controlled by two synergistic QTLs (qGWT1 and qGWT7) and two subtractive QTLs (qGWT2 and qGWT6), respectively.  The increase in the grain weight of Z744 was caused mainly by the increase in grain length.  Two QTLs were detected, qGL1 and qGL7-3, which accounted for 25.54 and 15.58% of phenotypic variation, respectively.  A Chi-square test showed that the long-grain number and the short-grain number were in accordance with the 3:1 separation ratio, which indicates that the long grain is dominant over the short-grain and Z744 was controlled mainly by the principal effect qGL1.  These results offered a good basis for further fine mapping of qGL1 and further dissection of other QTLs into single-segment substitution lines.
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6. Gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ZHANG Ting, YOU Jing, YU Guo-ling, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Huan, LI Yi-dan, YE Li, YAO Wan-yue, TU Yu-jie, LING Ying-hua, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 921-930.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62847-9
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
The spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure in grasses.  However, the molecular mechanism that regulates its development remains unclear, and we therefore characterize a spikelet mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1), which was derived from treatment of Xinong 1B with ethyl methanesulfonate.  In the afs1 mutant, the spikelet developed an additional lemma-like organ alongside the other normally developed floral organs, and the paleae were degenerated to differing degrees with or without normally developed inner floral organs.  Genetic analysis revealed that the afs1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.  The AFS1 gene was mapped between the insertion/deletion (InDel) marker Indel19 and the simple sequence repeat marker RM16893, with a physical distance of 128.5 kb on chromosome 4.  Using sequence analysis, we identified the deletion of a 5-bp fragment and a transversion from G to A within LOC_Os04g32510/ LAX2, which caused early termination of translation in the afs1 mutant.  These findings suggest that AFS1 may be a new allele of LAX2, and is involved in the development of floral organs by regulating the expression of genes related to their development.  The above results provide a new view on the function of LAX2, which may also regulate the development of spikelets.
 
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7. Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize 
LU Zhi-xiang, TU Guang-ping, ZHANG Ting, LI Ya-qian, WANG Xin-hua, Zhang Quan-guo, SONG Wei, CHEN Jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 145-152.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62734-6
摘要181)      PDF    收藏
Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China.  In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected.  Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested.  A group of Trichoderma strains (DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%.  These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%.  Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum.  Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth.  In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%.  In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha–1.  Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.
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8. Identification and validation of root-specific promoters in rice
HUANG Li-yu, ZHANG Fan, QIN Qiao, WANG Wen-sheng, ZHANG Ting, FU Bin-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60763-2
摘要2238)      PDF    收藏
Novel promoters that confer root-specific expression would be useful for engineering resistance against problems of nutrient and water absorption by roots. In this study, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to identify seven genes with root-specific expression in rice. The isolation and characterization of upstream promoter regions of five selected genes rice root-specific promoter (rRSP) 1 to 5 (rRSP1-rRSP5) and A2P (the promoter of OsAct2) revealed that rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 are particularly important with respect to root-specific activities. Furthermore, rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 were observed to make different contributions to root activities in various species. These three promoters could be used for root-specific enhancement of target gene(s).
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