尽管目前的研究极大地促进了我们对于植物适应低氮胁迫的认知，但是关于不同作物基因型适应低氮胁迫能力不同的机制仍需要进一步探讨。本文中，我们根据田间条件下304份玉米自交系对低氮胁迫的耐受性，从中选择了Ye478（低氮胁迫敏感材料）和Qi319（耐受低氮胁迫材料）进行进一步的研究。首先我们对Ye478和Qi319正常氮水培和低氮水培的地上部和根部构建了16个转录组文库，并进行高通量测序。结果分析发现Qi319根系中特异上调表达的基因主要富集在代谢能相关途径，包括三羧酸代谢过程和烟酰胺代谢过程。在低氮胁迫处理5天后，仅在Ye478中观察到老叶变黄的表型；与Qi319相比，在Ye478地上部特异下调表达的基因主要与类囊体、叶绿体、光合膜和叶绿体基质等有关。对转录因子进行分析，共有216个转录因子在Ye478和Qi319之间差异表达，表明氮胁迫响应路径中的转录调控在不同作物基因型适应低氮胁迫中起重要作用。此外，在Ye478和Qi319中还发现了15个差异表达的miRNAs。综上所述，我们的研究有助于了解玉米耐受低氮胁迫的遗传变异和分子基础。

Increased food demand from the rapidly growing human population has caused intensive land transition from desert to farmland in arid regions of northwest China. In this developing ecosystem, the optimized fertilization strategies are becoming an urgent need for sustainable crop productivity, efficient resources use, together with the delivery of ecosystems services including soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation. Through a 7-year field experiment with 9 fertilization treatments in a newly cultivated farmland, we tested whether different fertilizations had significant influences on soil C and N accumulation in this developing ecosystem, and also investigated possible mechanisms for this influence. The results showed that applying organic manure in cultivated farmland significantly increased the soil C and N accumulation rates; this influence was greater when it was combined with chemical fertilizer, accumulating 2.01 t C and 0.11 t N ha–1 yr–1 in the most successful fertilization treatment. These high rates of C and N accumulation were found associated with increased input of C and N, although the relationship between the N accumulation rate and N input was not significant. The improved soil physical properties was observed under only organic manure and integrated fertilization treatments, and the significant relationship between soil C or N and soil physical properties were also found in this study. The results suggest that in newly cultivated farmland, long term organic manure and integrated fertilization can yield significant benefits for soil C and N accumulation, and deliver additional influence on physical properties.