天然橡胶（Natural rubber）是一种生物高分子聚合物，由于具有独特的理化性质而成为重要的工业原料及不可替代的战略物资。巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.）是目前商业化天然橡胶的唯一来源，主要生长在东南亚热带及亚热带地区的种植园中。然而，目前巴西橡胶树的产量难以满足急剧增长的全球工业对天然橡胶的迫切需求。以石油为加工原料的合成橡胶（Synthetic rubber）部分补充天然橡胶产量的不足，但其工业性能无法比拟天然橡胶。因此，亟需开发具有更广泛环境适应性的天然橡胶新作物。本文综述了园艺植物-橡胶草（Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin）和莴苣（Lactuca L. species），木本植物-银胶菊（Parthenium argentatum A. Gray）和杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.）以及其它有生产天然橡胶潜力的植物的研究进展。本综述以基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等多维组学研究，以及天然橡胶生物合成分子机制为重点，讨论了基于现代生物技术的多维整合策略在解析天然橡胶生物合成机制方面的广阔前景，为加速天然橡胶新作物的培育提供借鉴。

O3 is not only greenhouse gas but also a primary gaseous contaminant in the atmosphere. It has long-lasting effects on crop growth, yield and quality, and brings a series of ecological and environmental problems. A free-air controlled enrichment (FACE) system was applied to study the effect of elevated ozone concentration on activities of key enzymes of starch synthesis of Yangmai 16 in 2009-2010. The main-plot treatment had two levels of O3: ambient level (A-O3) and 50% higher than ambient level (E-O3). The main results were that accumulation rate of amylose, amylopectin and starch were represented in a single peak curve, and their content and accumulation amount rose gradually. The O3 elevation decreased the accumulation rate of amylose, amylopectin and starch amylase, reduced the accumulation amount of amylopectin and starch, and decreased the content of amylopectin and starch, but increased the content of amylose. With the increase of O3 concentration, the enzyme activity of grain granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) decreased after anthesis. The activities of GBSS and SSS had highly significant correlations with amylose, amylopectin and starch accumulation rate, and the activity of SBE had significant correlations with these items. So the O3 elevation decreased the activity of key enzymes of starch synthesis, which led to the variation of starch synthesis.