多维组学推动新型天然橡胶作物研发

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然橡胶（Natural rubber）是一种生物高分子聚合物，由于具有独特的理化性质而成为重要的工业原料及不可替代的战略物资。巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.）是目前商业化天然橡胶的唯一来源，主要生长在东南亚热带及亚热带地区的种植园中。然而，目前巴西橡胶树的产量难以满足急剧增长的全球工业对天然橡胶的迫切需求。以石油为加工原料的合成橡胶（Synthetic rubber）部分补充天然橡胶产量的不足，但其工业性能无法比拟天然橡胶。因此，亟需开发具有更广泛环境适应性的天然橡胶新作物。本文综述了园艺植物-橡胶草（Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin）和莴苣（Lactuca L. species），木本植物-银胶菊（Parthenium argentatum A. Gray）和杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.）以及其它有生产天然橡胶潜力的植物的研究进展。本综述以基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等多维组学研究，以及天然橡胶生物合成分子机制为重点，讨论了基于现代生物技术的多维整合策略在解析天然橡胶生物合成机制方面的广阔前景，为加速天然橡胶新作物的培育提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Natural rubber (NR) is an irreplaceable biopolymer of economic and strategic importance owing to its unique physical and chemical properties. The Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) is currently the exclusive commercial source of NR, and it is primarily grown in plantations restricted to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. However, current Pará rubber production barely meets the sharply increasing global industrial demand for rubber. Petroleum-based synthetic rubber (SR) has been used to supplement the shortage of NR but its industrial performance is not comparable to that of NR. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new productive rubber crops with broader environmental adaptability. This review summarizes the current research progress on alternative rubber-producing plants, including horticultural plants (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin and Lactuca L. species), woody plants (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), and other plant species with potential for NR production. With an emphasis on the molecular basis of NR biosynthesis revealed by a multi-omics approach, we highlight new integrative strategies and biotechnologies for exploring the mechanism of NR biosynthesis with a broader scope, which may accelerate the breeding and improvement of new rubber crops.

Key words: Natural rubber , multi-omics , genomics , transcriptomics , proteomics , new crops

YANG Ning, YANG Dan-dan, YU Xu-chen, XU Cao. 多维组学推动新型天然橡胶作物研发[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(4): 959-971.

YANG Ning, YANG Dan-dan, YU Xu-chen, XU Cao. Multi-omics-driven development of alternative crops for natural rubber production[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(4): 959-971.

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