大豆炸荚（pod shattering）是大豆重要的生育特性，而在生产上则是影响栽培大豆产量的重要不利因素之一。本研究利用2个重组自交系群体（RIL，CY，华春2号×瓦窑黄豆；GB，桂早1号×巴西13），采用复合区间作图法（composite interval mapping，CIM），对大豆炸荚性状进行QTL定位。两个RIL群体在多个环境下共检测到14个与大豆炸荚相关的QTL，分布于大豆的01、03、03、04、05、05、07、12、14、16、17、18、20和20号染色体上，LOD值介于2.64-44.33，表型解释率为1.33%-50.85%。位于第16号染色体上的一个QTL（qPS16-1）与之前已报道的一个主效QTL（qPDH1）能够高度重叠，在这个区间内能够检测到8个基因，包含一个已知的功能基因Pdh1。另有10个QTL为本次实验鉴定的与大豆炸荚相关的新位点，LOD值介于2.55-4.24，表型解释率为1.33%-2.60%。在这之中，4个QTL位点（qPS01-1、qPS03-2、qPS05-1和qPS07-1）能够在两个环境中被检测到，说明它们是与大豆炸荚相关的环境稳定的QTL新位点，结合GO富集分析、公共数据库基因差异表达谱和基因注释等方法，最终筛选到9个可能参与调控大豆炸荚性状的候选基因，但其具体功能仍待进一步验证。本研究的结果将有助于育种家们更好地了解大豆抗炸荚特性的遗传机制，为大豆抗炸荚分子育种提供理论依据。

Three main phytotoxic compounds including lunatoic acid A (1), 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (2) and zeaenol (3) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Cladosporium oxysporum DH14, a fungus residing in the locust (Oxya chinensis ) gut.  Two additional derivative compounds, compound 1a and 1b, were synthesized by methylation and chlorination of compound 1, respectively.  The structures of such compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the corresponding data to those previously reported in the literature.  Compounds 1–3 exhibited significantly phytotoxic activities against the radicle growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. with the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀ values) of 4.51, 4.80 and 8.16 μg mL^–1, respectively, which is comparable to that positive control 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (IC₅₀=1.95 μg mL^–1).  Furthermore, the compound 1 showed selective phytotoxic activity with the inhibition rate of less than 22% against the crops of Brassica rapa L., Sorghum durra, Brassica campestris L., Capsicum annucm and Raphanus sativus L. under the concentration of 100 μg mL^–1.  Both derivatives of compound 1 had moderate phytotoxic activity against the radicle growth of A. retroflexus L.  The findings of our present study suggest that these compounds provide new promising candidates for the potential management strategies of weeds.