甘蔗近年来作为制糖和生物乙醇的原料引起了越来越多的关注，提高它的产量对保证食糖安全和生物能源生产至关重要。属间远缘杂交是作物产生遗传变异的高效途径之一，尤其是高倍体作物甘蔗。斑茅因其具有许多优良的农艺性状，已被广泛研究用于改良甘蔗的抗旱性和其它抗逆性。然而，甘蔗属物种和斑茅间的亲缘关系以及甘蔗杂交后代中斑茅染色体的组成都仍不清晰。与先前利用叶绿体基因组DNA进行的遗传分析不同，本研究基于不同物种全基因组单核苷酸多态性明确了斑茅与甘蔗的亲缘关系比高粱更近。此外，利用热带种基因组设计的寡核苷酸染色体特异涂染探针能够清晰地识别斑茅的染色体。本研究首次建立的寡聚核苷酸基因组原位杂交体系，可用于检测甘蔗杂交后代中斑茅染色体的易位和单条染色体遗传。值得注意的是，我们还发现在BC₁子代中斑茅的染色体出现了n, 2n和超2n的遗传方式。这些遗传方式的不同可能是由于减数第一次分裂染色体加倍、减数第一次分裂和第二次分裂染色体加倍或减数第二次分裂时姐妹染色单体不分离所导致的。这些结果将为进一步选择斑茅染色体进行甘蔗遗传改良提供重要依据。

本研究旨在探讨高水分挤压过程中，不同分子量分布的麦芽糊精/淀粉与大豆分离蛋白-面筋蛋白（SPI-WG）基质的相互作用。在体系水分含量为65%、70%和75%条件下，分别将葡萄糖当量分别为10和20的两种麦芽糊精(DE=10，20)和小麦淀粉添加到SPI-WG基质中进行挤压，研究它们对拉丝蛋白质构和热稳定性的影响。在SPI-WG基质中添加5%的麦芽糊精（DE=10）改善了拉丝蛋白的纤维结构和热稳定性。当小麦淀粉在随后的灭菌过程中彻底糊化时，拉丝蛋白的纤维结构和热稳定性也得到了改善。结果表明，小分子糖的增塑作用和大分子糖对相分离的促进作用改变了物料共混物的熔融温度，显著改善了拉丝蛋白产品的质构和热稳定性。

Nudix水解酶家族普遍存在于真核和原核生物中，能够水解多种有机焦磷酸盐。尽管Nudix水解酶家族能够清除和调节细胞内产生的有害代谢产物，应答多种非生物和生物胁迫，但葡萄中的Nudix水解酶的功能还未见报道。本研究通过生物信息学分析，在葡萄中鉴定了25个葡萄VvNUDX基因家族成员，并根据其对底物的偏好性将其分为8个亚家族。VvNUDX基因家族在进化过程中存在串联复制和片段复制两种方式。为了研究VvNUDX基因在葡萄生长发育以及胁迫应该过程中的功能，我们利用NCBI公共数据库资源分析这些基因的表达模式。在不同葡萄组织中的时空表达分析表明，VvNUDX基因可能涉及多个生长发育过程。转录组数据和定量PCR分别表明，有10个VvNUDX基因在葡萄果实发育过程中特异表达，表明VvNUDX基因可能在葡萄果实发育过程中扮演重要角色。系统发育和表达分析表明，VvNUDX1和VvNUDX3可能参与葡萄萜类化合物的生物合成。多个ADP-核糖/NADH亚组的VvNUDX基因可以应答多种非生物和生物胁迫，表明VvNUDX基因参与葡萄对非生物和生物胁迫的解毒过程，并调节疾病免疫和抗性途径。相关研究结果为有助于进一步解析VvNUDX基因在葡萄果实发育和胁迫应答网络中的生理功能。

γ-Gliadins are an important component of wheat seed storage proteins. Four novel γ-gliadin genes (Gli-ng1 to Gli-ng4) were cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Aegilops species. The novel γ-gliadins were much smaller in molecular size when compared to the typical γ-gliadins, which was caused by deletion of the non-repetitive domain, glutamine-rich region, 3´ part of the repetitive domain, and 5´ part of the C-terminal, possibly due to illegitimate recombination between the repetitive domain and the C-terminal. As a result, Gli-ng1 and Gli-ng4 only contained two and three cysteine residues, respectively. Gli-ng1, as the representative of novel γ-gliadin genes, has been sub-cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS- PAGE indicated that the both cysteine residues of Gli-ng1 could participate in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vitro. Successful cloning of Gli-ng1 from seed cDNA of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring suggested that these novel γ-gliadin genes were normally transcribed during the development of seeds. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the four novel γ-gliadin genes had a closer relationship with those from the B (S) genome of wheat.

Plant growth and crop production depend to a large extent on soil N supplying capacity (SNSC): The higher the SNSC, the higher the dependence of crops on soil and the lower the N fertilizer recovery. Of the SNSC, soil organic N (ON) played a key role in supplying N nutrient to crop production and still does in many subsistence and low-input farming systems. In this paper, soil ON contents, types, chemical components and its contribution to plant production are reviewed up to date in details, the characteristics of ON in dryland soils discussed together with its chemical components, and the mineralization and availability to plants of some important chemical components are emphasized at the last part for practical considerations.