高密度种植可以提高大豆产量，但通过改良株高及叶柄性状以选育株型紧凑、抗倒伏性优异的高产品种是提高产量的重要途径。2017-2018年，我们比较了黄淮地区四个地点的短叶柄种质M657与三个对照品种产量相关性状、抗倒伏性和叶柄相关表型间的关系。结果表明，M657对高种植密度和倒伏性表现出极高且稳定的耐受性，尤其在最高密度8×105株ha^-1下表现依然优异。回归分析表明，较短的叶柄长度与抗倒伏性的增加显著相关。产量分析表明，M657在较高密度下获得了较高的产量，尤其在黄淮北片地区。在与地点、密度相关的倒伏性和产量方面，不同品种对株距、行间距的反应存在显著差异。植株的倒伏性与种植密度、株高、叶柄长度和有效分枝数显著正相关，与茎粗、单株粒数、单株粒重呈显著负相关。在当前大豆品种种植密度的基础上，适当增加种植密度有助于黄淮地区大豆的产量提高。本研究为在高密度种植系统中引入适宜高产的紧凑株型性状、建立黄淮地区大豆高产模式提供了极有价值的新种质资源。

黑水虻幼虫（Hermetia illucens）处理畜禽粪便是一种新兴技术，处理产物虫体和虫粪可分别作为动物饲料和有机肥料，然而粪便中残留的重金属会对黑水虻转化过程产生不利影响。本文研究了Cd、Cr、As在黑水虻转化猪粪过程中对黑水虻幼虫生长的影响，以及重金属迁移和形态变化规律。结果表明，As显著降低了黑水虻幼虫的生物量，而Cr和Cd对幼虫的生长无明显影响。黑水虻幼虫对Cd的生物富集系数（BAFs：2.8-3.7）显著高于Cr（0.44-0.62）和As（0.43-0.45）。在黑水虻幼虫转化猪粪过程中，猪粪中的重金属主要迁移到黑水虻的虫粪中，Cd、Cr、As在虫粪中的残留比例分别为52.6-62.0%、90.3-94.2%和93.0-93.3%。转化后，虫粪中Cd含量显著低于猪粪，而Cr和As的含量与猪粪无显著差异（添加150 mg kg^-1 Cr处理除外）。与猪粪相比，虫粪中的重金属形态（弱酸溶解态、可还原态、可氧化态和残留态）均有明显变化。其中虫粪中Cr的可还原态含量降低，但可氧化态比例增加。Cd主要以弱酸溶解态和还原态存在于猪粪和虫粪中。虫粪中As的弱酸溶解态和还原态比例降低。猪粪经过黑水虻转化后，Cr的生物有效性降低了17.3-23.1%， Cd和As的生物有效性无明显变化（CK组的As除外）。这些发现有助于我们了解黑水虻幼虫在畜禽粪便生物转化过程中的作用以及对转化产物的安全利用。

    The growth periods (GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8 (R8) of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast (40.66–45.85°N), Huang-Huai (34.75–38.04°N) and southern (22.82–30.60°N) eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group (MG) and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115–125 d in the Northeast part to the 85–100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2 (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.