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1. JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失
ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2734-2749.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.028
摘要213)      PDF    收藏

本研究将XANES技术与化学连续浸提法相结合,探究土壤磷的形态和转化。10年的定位试验包括4个处理:100%化肥处理(4CN)、50%猪粪(2CN+2MN)、50%秸秆(2CN+2SN)、50%猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥处理(2CN+2MSN)。与单施化肥相比,有机替代施肥处理提高0−40 cm土层的活性磷含量,增幅为13.7-54.2%,主要组分是MgHPO4·3H2O和CaHPO4。有机替代施肥处理降低稳定性磷含量,羟基磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3OH)是主要组分,其比例随着土壤深度的增加呈增加的趋势。秸秆施用(2CN+2SN和2CN+2MSN处理)提高中等活性磷含量,降低底土(60−100 cm)活性磷的含量。此外,施用秸秆显著降低总磷、可溶性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒磷的淋失量和浓度。可溶性无机磷是磷淋溶流失的主要形态,其与可溶性有机碳和NO3--N存在共迁移现象。偏最小二乘路径模型表明,施用秸秆通过增加中等活性磷和降低底土中的活性磷来减少磷的浸出。总体而言,施用秸秆有利于制定可持续的磷管理措施,因为其增加了上层土壤中的活性磷可供植物吸收利用,并减少磷的迁移和淋失


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2. Changes in organic C stability within soil aggregates under different fertilization patterns in a greenhouse vegetable field
LUAN Hao-an, YUAN Shuo, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2758-2771.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63646-8
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

理解土壤有机碳(SOC)的稳定性对于农业生态系统中SOC循环及其动态变化至关重要。已有研究观察到施肥对土体土壤中有机碳稳定性的调节作用。然而,在农业生态系统中,施肥如何改变土壤团聚体中有机碳的稳定性尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估中国天津设施蔬菜施肥8年(化肥vs有机措施)后土壤团聚体中有机碳稳定性的变化。为评估土壤团聚体中有机碳的稳定性变化,本研究采用如下四种方法:改良的Walkley-Black方法(化学方法),13C NMR技术(光谱法),胞外酶测定(生物方法)和热重分析法(热力学方法)。通过湿筛方法将土壤分离成四部分:宏团聚体(> 2 mm),大团聚体(0.25–2 mm),微团聚体(0.053–0.25 mm)和粉粘粒(<0.053 mm)。结果表明,与单施化肥模式相比,有机措施可增加土壤团聚体中有机碳含量,并降低有机碳化学、光谱学、热力学和生物学稳定性。在土壤各团聚体中,有机碳含量在微团聚体中最高,其次为宏团聚体和大团聚体,粉粘粒中最低。同时,有机碳光谱学、热力学和生物学稳定性在粉粘粒中最高,其次是宏团聚体和大团聚体,微团聚体内有机碳稳定性最低。此外,由于土壤团聚体内有机碳化学性质与其他稳定性特征之间的相关性较弱,故推断改良的Walkley-Black方法不适用于评价土壤团聚体内有机碳的稳定性。我们的发现可在土壤团聚体水平上,为深入探索中国设施菜田不同施肥模式下有机碳特性的变化提供科学见解。


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3. Aggregate-associated changes in nutrient properties, microbial community and functions in a greenhouse vegetable field based on an eight-year fertilization experiment of China
LUAN Hao-an, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, CHEN Xin-ping, Dainius MASILIUNAS, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2530-2548.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63269-5
摘要149)      PDF    收藏
Soil aggregation, microbial community, and functions (i.e., extracellular enzyme activities; EEAs) are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.  We assessed soil aggregate distribution, stability, nutrients, and microbial characteristics within >2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates, based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.  The field experiment includes four treatments: 100% N fertilizer (CF), 50% substitution of N fertilizer with manure (M), straw (S), and manure plus straw (MS).  The amounts of nutrient (N, P2O5, and K2O) input were equal in each treatment.  Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic-amended soils (M, MS, and S, 2.43–2.97) vs. CF-amended soils (1.99).  Relative to CF treatment, organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient (i.e., available N, P, and soil organic C (SOC)) conditions, microbial (e.g., bacterial and fungal) growth, and EEAs in the >0.053 mm aggregates, but not in the <0.053 mm aggregates.  The 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity, while the <0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates, per SOC, available N, available P, and a series of enzyme activities.  These results indicated that the 0.25–0.053 mm (<0.053 mm) aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic (oxidative) activity.  Interestingly, we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization (58.5%, P<0.01) and aggregate fractions (50.5%, P<0.01), respectively.  The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly (P<0.01) associated with nutrients (SOC and available N) and pH, electrical conductivity, respectively.  Furthermore, SOC, available N, and available P closely (P<0.05) affected microbial communities within >0.25, 0.25–0.053, and <0.053 mm aggregates, respectively.  These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under different fertilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.
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4. Soil microbial characteristics and yield response to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments in greenhouse vegetable production
RONG Qin-lei, LI Ruo-nan, HUANG Shao-wen, TANG Ji-wei, ZHANG Yan-cai, WANG Li-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (06): 1432-1444.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61946-X
摘要463)      PDF(pc) (1057KB)(415)    收藏
Greenhouse vegetable production has been characterized by high agricultural inputs, high temperatures, and high cropping indexes.  As an intensive form of agriculture, nutrient cycling induced by microbial activities in the greenhouses is relatively different from open fields in the same region.  However, the responses of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and yield to organic amendment are not well understood.  Therefore, a 5-year greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation experiment was conducted.  The field experiment comprised 5 treatments: 4/4CN (CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4CN+1/4MN (MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4CN+2/4MN, 2/4CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN (SN, nitrogen in corn straw) and 2/4CN+2/4SN.  The amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) were equal in the five treatments.  Starting with the fourth growing season, the optimal yield was obtained from soil treated with straw.  MBC, MBN, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, and enzyme activities were significantly changed by 5 years of substitution with organic amendments.  Redundancy analysis showed that MBC accounts for 89.5 and 52.3% of the total enzyme activity and total community variability, respectively.  The activities of phosphomonoesterase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and urease, and the relative abundances of fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-negative bacteria were significantly and positively related to vegetable yields.  Considering the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial characteristics and vegetable yield, 2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN can improve soil quality and maintain sustainable high yield in greenhouse vegetable production.
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5. Effects of straw addition on increased greenhouse vegetable yield and reduced antibiotic residue in fluvo-aquic soil
ZHANG Zhi-qiang, WANG Xiu-bin, LI Chun-hua, HUANG Shao-wen, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, JIN Jiyun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (7): 1423-1433.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60878-9
摘要1932)      PDF    收藏
Organic manure application is an important measure for high yield and good quality vegetable production, whereas organic manure is also a main source of residual antibiotic in soils. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a fluvo-aguic soil in Tianjin of northern China. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertilization patterns on yield of six-season vegetables with celery and tomato rotation, and dynamic change of tetracyclines residues in the soil during the sixth growing season (tomato season). The field experiment comprised six treatments depending on the proportion of nitrogen of each type of fertilizer: 4/4 CN (CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4 CN+1/4 MN (MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4 CN+2/4 MN, 1/4 CN+3/4 MN, 2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN (SN, nitrogen in corn straw), and CF (conventional fertilization, the amounts of nitrogen application were 943 and 912 kg N ha–1 for celery and tomato season, respectively). In addition to CF treatment, the amount of nitrogen application in other treatments was greatly reduced and equal (450 and 450 kg N ha–1 for celery and tomato season, respectively). Results showed that the combined application of 3/4 CN+1/4 MN achieved the highest yield and economic benefit in the first four seasons, but addition of straw (2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN treatment) performed better in the subsequent two seasons, and the average yields of 2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN treatment were respectively higher by 9.9 and 12.8% than those of 4/4 CN treatment, and by 5.6 and 10.5% than those of CF treatment. The residual chlortetracycline (CTC) in manure-amended soil for three consecutive years increased along with the increase of applied amount of pig manure. Under the same amount of pig manure application, content of CTC in straw-amended soil was obviously decreased compared with no straw-amended soil (3/4 CN+1/4 MN treatment), and averagely decreased by 41.9% for four sampling periods in the sixth season. Addition of crop straw facilitated the degradation of CTC in manure-amended soil. As a whole, the conventional fertilization was not the desirable pattern based on yield, economic benefit and environment, the optimal fertilization pattern with the highest yield and profit and the least soil chlortetracycline residue was the treatment of 2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN under this experimental condition.
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