由于水稻直播在节约劳动力、节约水资源、保护环境和大幅减少温室气体排放等方面具有巨大潜力。因此，正成为许多国家水稻生产的主要栽培技术。挖掘和利用中胚轴伸长基因是加快直播稻育种和满足直播水稻生产要求的最有效途径之一。黑龙江省农业科学院利用丽江新团黑谷（LTH）和沈农265（SN265）衍生的144个重组自交系(RIL)群体及其配套的包含2,828个bin标记的连锁图谱分别在2019年和2020年检测了与中胚轴长度相关的数量性状基因座(QTL)。采用30°C黑暗环境下培养10天后测量中胚轴长度。在第1(2)、2(4)、3(2)、4、5、6、7、9、11(2)和12号染色体上共鉴定出16个中胚轴长度QTL。其中7个QTLs可以在两年中被重复检测到，包括qML1a、qML1b、qML2d、qML3a、qML3b、qML5和qML11b。主效QTL-qML3a还可以在不同作图方法中被重复检测到。进一步分析发现，qML3a被定位在88.18kb的范围内，这一区间包含13个预测基因。利用近等基因系也证明了qML3a的真实存在和调控中胚轴伸长的效果。最后，通过分析SN265、LTH 和日本晴之间的DNA序列变异，表明LOC_Os03g50550是qML3a的候选基因。该基因编码有丝分裂原活化的蛋白激酶。使用qRT-RCR分析进一步揭示了LTH中胚轴中LOC_Os03g50550基因的表达水平显著低于SN265中胚轴中的表达水平。这些结果进一步加强了我们对水稻中胚轴伸长遗传机制的认识，也将有助于加快直播专用新品种的育种进程。

The German wheat cultivar Ibis has excellent adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in Gansu, a hotspot for stripe rust in China. To elucidate the genetic basis of APR to stripe rust in Ibis, 237 F3 lines derived from the cross Ibis/Huixianhong were evaluated at Tianshui, Gansu, in the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 cropping seasons, and at Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, in the 2009-2010 cropping season. Inoculations were conducted with a mixture of several prevalent Pst races in both locations. Maximum disease severity (MDS) data showed a continuous distribution of response, indicating quantitative nature of resistance to stripe rust in Ibis. The broad-sense heritability of MDS was 0.75 based on the mean values averaged across three environments. A total of 723 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to map the QTL for APR by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). QTLs mapping to chromosomes 2BS and 6BS, designated as QYr.caas-2BS.1 and QYr.caas-6BS.1, respectively, explained 4.1-40.7% of the phenotypic variance in MDS across environments. The major effect QTL QYr.caas-2BS.1, flanked by Xgwm148 and Xwmc360, was consistently detected at all three sites as well as the averaged data over three environments, accounting for 40.7, 24.2, 5.2 and 29.9% of phenotypic variance, respectively. The molecular markers closely linked to this QTL have potential for use in marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding to improve the durability of stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding.