水稻条纹叶枯病是由灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallen）传播的水稻条纹病毒（rice stripe virus, RSV）侵染所致，因其危害性严重被称为水稻的“癌症”。目前，关于RSV侵染后，抗、感水稻品种之间的分子差异以及水稻与RSV之间的相互作用的研究仍然不够充分。本文利用转录组测序技术（RNA-sequencing, RNA-Seq）分析了在RSV侵染后不同抗性水平水稻品种在转录水平上的差异。通过GO（Gene Ontology）注释鉴定到了抗、感品种在接种后2天、10天和20天后与转录因子（transcription factor, TF）、过氧化物酶（peoxidase）和激酶（kinase）相关的差异表达基因。结果表明：抗病品种中与这三类蛋白相关的差异表达基因虽然数量上比感病品种要少，但经显著性分析，在| log2(FoldChange) | > 0 & padj < 0.05的条件下，表达量呈现显著上调或下调表达趋势。通过KEGG（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes）分析，鉴定出参与抗病反应途径的差异基因，包括植物激素信号转导和植物-病原体相互作用。结果表明涉及植物激素信号转导，脱落酸（abscisic acid, ABA）负调控的抗性反应和油菜素内酯（brassinosteroids, BR）正调控的抗性反应在抗、感品种间无差异，但涉及水杨酸（salicylic acid, SA）介导和茉莉酸（jasmonic acid, JA）/乙烯（ethylene, ET）介导的抗性反应有所不同。抗、感品种在三个时间节点的差异表达基因在病原相关分子模式激发的免疫反应（PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI）和效应蛋白激发的免疫反应（Effector-triggered immunity, ETI）都存在，但感病品种的特有基因大多涉及PTI，而抗病品种涉及ETI的特有基因数量更多。以上结果揭示了RSV侵染后抗、感品种在转录水平上的差异，为阐明了水稻与RSV互作的机制奠定了基础。

Soybean root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease worldwide. Using genetic resistance is an important and major component in the integrated pest management of this disease. To understand molecular mechanisms of root and stem rot resistance in soybeans, the gene and protein expression in hypocotyls and stems of variety Suinong 10 carrying resistance genes Rps1a and Rps2 was investigated by using mRNA differential display reverse transcription PCR and two-dimensional electrophoresis at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after inoculation with P. sojae race 1. The results of the comparison of gene and protein expression showed that at least eight differential fragments at the transcriptional level were related to metabolic pathway, phytoalexin, and signal transduction in defense responses.Sequence analyses indicated that these fragments represented cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene, ATP β gene coding ATP synthase β subunit and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene which upregulated at 0.5 h post inoculation, blue copper protein gene and UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine gene which upregulated at 2 h post inoculation, TGA-type basic leucine zipper protein TGA1.1 gene, cyclophilin gene, and 14-3-3 protein gene which upregulated at 4 h post inoculation.Three resistance-related proteins, α-subunit and β-subunit of ATP synthase, and cytochrome P450-like protein, were upregulated at 2 h post inoculation. The results suggested that resistance-related multiple proteins and genes were expressed in the recognition between soybean and P. sojae during zoospore germination, penetration and mycelium growth of P. sojae in soybean.