中国拥有世界上最大的肉羊存栏量和羊肉生产量，是名副其实的养羊越级大国。然而长期以来关于我国肉羊营养需要量的研究缺乏系统性，阻碍了肉用绵羊营养需要量参数的建立和相关标准的完善。我国科技部和财政部于2008年成立了国家现代肉羊产业技术体系为开展肉用绵羊的营养需要量研究提供了技术支持和财政支撑。基于此，本文综述了我国肉用绵羊营养需要量研究的历史发展情况，总结了肉用绵羊营养需要量（包括能量、蛋白质、矿物元素等）的最新研究进展，并重点阐述了中国肉用绵羊营养需要量的未来研究方向。

   We evaluated the effects of diets with different crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs ((20.56±1.43) kg body weight; ram:ewe 1:1) aged (61±1.85) d were randomly allotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17% (T1), 12.06% (T2), 13.40% (T3) or 14.36% (T4). Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efficiency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05), although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal fluid of T3 was lower than that of T1 (P=0.011), T2 (P=0.008) or T4 (P=0.309). The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal fluid were significantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal fluid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE profiles and phylogenetic tree indicated that Bacteroides uniformis, Clostridium alkalicellulosi, Alkalibaculum bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans, which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP. However, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were not different in lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded that B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, A. bacchi and Saccharofermentans sp. were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species’ peak intensities of B. uniformis, C. alkalicellulosi, Saccharofermentans sp. and Gracilibacter thermotolerans and stabilizing rumen microbial ecosystem.

Wuschel-related homeobox (WOX) genes play essential, specific, and sometimes redundant roles in plant embryo development, shoot and root meristem maintenance, and plant development. Though much information was quickly gained with members of the WOX gene family of Arabidopsis, monocotyledonous crops, and gymnospermous conifers, little is known about perennial woody plants. In this study, we isolated the first WOX gene family member from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon), and named it VvWOX4 based on its characteristic domains and phylogenetic analysis. The identity of VvWOX4 was validated by MALDI-TOF MS and Western blot with polyclonal antibody against Arabidopsis thaliana Wuschel. Functional analysis showed that VvWOX4 markedly increased shoot primordia structures when overexpressed under CaMV 35S promoter in tobacco. A different expression pattern was found for VvVOX4 compared with AtWUCHEL and its expression was detected in unique organs of grapevines. Besides the expression in the vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) of grape shoot tips, VvWOX4 is expressed in dormant winter buds, inflorescence, young leaves, and tendril tips, but not in root tips. In young leaves, the expression of VvWOX4 is strongly upregulated by wounding, and also by plant growth regulators such as 2 mg L-1 2,4-D, 1 mg L-1 NAA and 1 mg L-1 BAP treatments, while downregulation was monitored by 1 mg L-1 IBA treatment, and there was no response to 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 treatment. Together, our results revealed the first member of grape WOX gene family and indicated different roles and regulation of VvWOX4 in the perennial woody crop grapevine.