JAZ（The jasmonate ZIM domain）蛋白属于TIFY(TIF[F/Y]XG)家族，它是由植物特异性蛋白组成，在植物生长发育和防御反应中具有十分重要的作用。然而，对于高粱JAZ家族基因在植物响应非生物胁迫的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用隐马尔可夫模型，在高粱中共鉴定到17个JAZ基因。此外，采用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR) 对高粱JAZ基因在非生物胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。系统发育分析表明，高粱JAZ蛋白主要分为9个亚家族，其启动子区包含多种类型的启动子顺式作用元件，表明JAZ蛋白在植物的胁迫响应中起作用。RT-qPCR结果显示，SbJAZ家族基因的表达具有组织特异性，在冷、热、聚乙二醇、茉莉酸、脱落酸和赤霉素处理下，SbJAZ基因的表达出现明显差异，表明SbJAZ基因参与植物对不同胁迫的响应。此外，在大肠杆菌中表达SbJAZ1可促进重组细胞在非生物胁迫（PEG 6000、NaCl 和 40°C）下的生长。综上所述，本研究结果将有助于更好地了解高粱SbJAZ家族响应非生物胁迫的潜在分子机制。

Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb(II) adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb(II), and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb(II) adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb(II) adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb(II) and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb(II) to the soils.

Four 2-yr old alpacas ((48±2.3) kg) and four 2-yr old sheep ((50±1.7) kg) were used to study the pH and microbial community of forestomach from alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed fresh alfalfa as the sole forage at low altitude (793 m). The forestomach fluid was taken anaerobically via the esophagus. The electric pH meter and quantitative polymerase chain reaction systems were used to study the the pH and microbial community of forestomach. The results showed that the mean pH of forestomach fluid from alpacas was higher than that from sheep (P<0.01). The percentages of methanogens and Ruminococcus flavefaciens to total bacterial were lower in the forestomach of alpacas than that in the rumen of sheep, while the percentage of fungi and Fibrobacter succinogenes were higher. The percentage of protozoa was similar in the forestomach of alpacas and sheep. These differences can partly explain the reason that alpacas were lower methane production than sheep.