草地贪夜蛾（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是世界范围内重要的迁飞性农业害虫，自2016年以来入侵非亚洲多个国家，目前对世界粮食安全构成严重威胁。当前，草地贪夜蛾的监测和预警策略主要集中在成虫种群密度，缺乏准确预测成虫繁殖动态的信息技术平台。于是在本研究中，为了识别成虫的发育状况，我们首先利用雌性卵巢图像提取和筛选出五个特征并结合支持向量机（SVM）分类器，以及利用雄性精巢图像获取精巢的圆形特征，对成虫发育时间进行判定。然后，利用实验室测试建立了产卵动态与成虫生殖器官发育时间之间关系的模型。结果表明，雌性卵巢发育等级判断的准确率达到91%，卵巢发育时间实际值与预测值的均方误差（MSE）为0.2431，日产卵量实际值与预测值的平均误差率为12.38%。精巢直径识别误差率3.25%，雄性精巢发育时间预测值和实际值的均方误差为0.7734。综合上述研究成果，开发了草地贪夜蛾生殖发育状态识别及繁殖预测微信小程序，现已开放给植保人员使用。本研究开发了一种自动化方法，可以精准预测草地贪夜蛾种群繁殖动态，有助于建设种群监测预和警系统，供专业专家和当地群众使用。

秸秆还田是干旱地区广泛应用的作物高效生产技术，但其能否通过改善作物生理生态特性而进一步提高产量还需实践验证。在甘肃河西绿洲灌区，通过田间试验，研究了不同秸秆还田方式[免耕秸秆覆盖还田(NTSM)、免耕秸秆立茬还田(NTSS)、传统翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)及传统翻耕无秸秆还田(CT, 对照)对小麦生理生态特性的调控效应，以期阐明秸秆还田影响小麦产量的生理生态机制。结果表明，NTSM和NTSS处理对小麦生理生态特性的调控作用优于CTS和CT而获得较高产量，NTSM因较优的调控效应使其增产幅度略高于NTSS。与CT相比，NTSM降低了小麦孕穗期之前的叶面积指数为6.1–7.6%，提高孕穗期之后的叶面积指数为38.9–45.1%，NTSM可有效地调控小麦光合源动态。NTSM较CT提高小麦灌浆期与蜡熟期光合速率为10.2–21.4%与11.0–21.6%，提高蒸腾速率为4.4–10.0%与5.3–6.1%，提高叶片水分利用效率为5.6–10.4%与5.4–14.6%。与CT相比，NTSM提高小麦抽穗期至蜡熟期叶片与土壤水势分别为7.5–12.0%与8.9–24.0%。NTSM较CT降低了小麦叶-土水势差，表明NTSM处理有利于保持干旱条件下小麦植株水分需求和土壤水分供给的稳定性。NTSM较CT增产18.6~27.3%，其增产归因于穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的协同增加。因此，免耕秸秆覆盖还田是干旱灌区优化小麦生理生态特性及获得高产的可行栽培措施。

草地贪夜蛾属鳞翅目夜蛾科，自2016年以来相继入侵非洲和亚洲多地，对世界粮食生产安全构成严重威胁。远距离迁飞和较强的生殖能力是其种群快速扩张的生物学基础，但目前对其飞行与生殖间的相互关系研究较少。本文利用飞行磨吊飞模拟草地贪夜蛾的飞行活动，研究了草地贪夜蛾飞行后对其生殖活动的影响。结果表明与对照组（未飞行）相比，1-3日龄草地贪夜蛾飞行10 h后产卵前期均显著缩短，产卵同步性显著增强，产卵量、产卵历期和交配率等生殖参数没有显著差异；2日龄草地贪夜蛾飞行时间超过2.5 h后，与对照相比产卵前期显著缩短，产卵同步性显著增强，产卵量、产卵历期、交配率等生殖参数没有显著差异。另外，通过解剖雌、雄蛾的生殖系统发现，1日龄草地贪夜蛾经历5 h吊飞处理后，卵巢和精巢的发育速度明显加快。这些结果表明合适的飞行活动显著促进草地贪夜蛾的生殖进程，这增加了我们对其迁飞生物学与区域暴发关系的相关认识，有助于阐明草地贪夜蛾的爆发机制以及预测其发生为害趋势。

鉴于植物花蜜或花粉等补充营养是影响鳞翅目昆虫成虫生殖系统发育和产卵量的重要因素，我们测定了取食不同补充营养（5%洋槐蜂蜜水、5‰玉米花粉水、5‰油菜花粉水、5‰向日葵花粉水、5‰松花粉水、5‰玫瑰花粉水、2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰油菜花粉水、2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰松花粉水和清水）草地贪夜蛾成虫的内生殖系统发育进度、繁殖和飞行能力。研究结果表明，补充蜂花粉和蜂蜜可显著促进草地贪夜蛾内生殖系统的发育进度，增加产卵量，延长成虫寿命和飞行时间。取食5%洋槐蜂蜜水草地贪夜蛾的产卵前期、产卵期和寿命最长，分别为10.8、6.8和19.2天；而补充2.5%洋槐蜂蜜＋2.5‰松花粉草地贪夜蛾雌蛾的交配率最高，为79.7%，单雌产卵量达644.9粒，卵的孵化率为82.3%。取食蜂蜜可延缓草地贪夜蛾精巢的衰减，2.5%洋槐蜂蜜＋2.5‰松花粉对草地贪夜蛾卵巢发育的促进作用最强。与取食花粉相比，蜂蜜可显著增强草地贪夜蛾的飞行能力，取食5%洋槐蜂蜜水草地贪夜蛾的飞行时间最长（9.5 h），飞行距离最远（29.9 km），飞行速度最大（3.1 km/h）。研究结果对解析环境植被分布对入侵草地贪夜蛾种群消长动态的调控机制，发展成虫取食诱捕和综合治理技术有重要价值。

草地贪夜蛾2018年底从缅甸侵入中国后，迅速迁飞扩散到中国的大部分地区和多个东亚国家。我们利用昆虫飞行磨室内测定了草地贪夜蛾在不同温度和湿度条件下的飞行参数，结果显示草地贪夜蛾在20℃-25℃和60%-90%相对湿度下具有最强的飞行能力。在此最佳飞行环境条件下，连续吊飞测试5个夜晚（每个夜晚10 h），草地贪夜蛾平均自主飞行距离、飞行时间和飞行速度分别为63.73 (48.42-94.12) km、24.12 (20.87-27.73) h 和2.73 (2.13-3.33) km h^-1，表明草地贪夜蛾具有很大的飞行潜力并可进行不同夜晚的连续飞行。该研究结果为深入分析草地贪夜蛾的迁飞模式和迁飞轨迹提供了科学依据，有助于提高草地贪夜蛾迁飞活动的测报水平。

Cotton is a globally important natural fiber and oilseed crop of crucial economic significance.  Molecular breeding has become a dominant method of cotton cultivation because it allows for a shorter breeding period and directional selection of high quality genes.  Patent data are key resources and are the core competitiveness of agricultural development, as the world’s largest and most reliable source of technical information.  However, little attention has been paid to patent analysis of cotton molecular breeding.  This study uses bibliometric analysis methodology and technical classification indexing to reveal global development trends of cotton molecular breeding, based on patents by retrieval methods and expert screening.  The annual number of patents, the life-cycle of patent-based technology, patent portfolios of primary countries, and main patentees, as well as technical distribution of patents, were analyzed in this study.  In addition, this study put emphasis on the comparative analysis of two important patentees through patent roadmaps based on the relationship among patent citations.  Finally, in order to understand the trend of new molecular breeding technology, patents related to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), RNA interference (RNAi), and gene chip were also analyzed, all of which apply to cotton but also to other crops.  Results in this paper can provide references for cotton molecular breeding researchers and relevant management departments.

Skin grafting has been used as one of the most reliable tests to determine the genetic stability of laboratory animal such as mice and rats inbred line, but no identification of swine inbred lines by skin grafting has been reported. At present, Wuzhishan miniature pig (WZSP) inbred line has acquired the F24 individuals in China. In order to verify whether WZSP inbred line had been cultivated successfully, allogeneic skin grafts and related research were performed on F20 individuals of WZSP inbreeding population, compared with a control group of autologous transplantation. We observed the transplant recipients’ wounds, detected peripheral blood-related indicators interleukin-2, 4 and 10, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and conducted hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s staining of skin to judge whether the immune rejection reactions occurred within 28 days after transplantation. Chr. 7 genomic heterozygosity of 48 WZSP individuals from F20 to F22 was analyzed by high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips (60 000 SNPs). The result showed that there were no significant differences in graft skin, the plasma interleukin-2, 4, 10, CD4+ and CD8+, HE and Masson’s staining results between the allograft and autograft groups, and no immune rejection occurred on the allograft group. We found that 11 genes in Chr. 7 of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and MHC II were homozygous which confirmed that immune antibody of the allograft and autograft groups were highly identical and also provided a theoretical basis to no immune rejection occurred on the allograft in the inbred WZSP. The result proved that the WZSP inbred line had been cultivated successfully for the first time in the world. The test methods also provide a scientific basis for the identification of swine and mammal inbred lines.

Creating high-efficient and environment-friendly pesticides is very important to produce the pollution free agriculture food and maintain the balance of the survival environmental of the human being. According to reports, camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are now being explored as a class of botanical insecticide in agriculture due to its novel mode of action. In order to improve the insecticidal activity of CPT, ten novel camptothecin (1) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (2) derivatives (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) were designed and synthesized via esterification with analogs of chrysanthemic acid, which have outstanding insecticidal activity. The results showed that compound 2a exhibited potent antifeeding effect and the best contact toxicity among the target compounds against the third-instar larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner. Compound 2a was also found to be the most effective cytotoxic compound to the tested insect cell lines, IOZCAS-Spex-II, which were established from the fat bodies of S. exigua. It was proposed that the 10-hydroxyl group in the camptothecin derivatives is a key factor for the antifeeding activity of a compound. The nature of the substituents was considered the major factor in determining the insecticidal activity of these compounds.