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1. 新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物在控制植物细菌性病害中的双重作用:基于ROS介导的抗菌活性和激活植物防御响应
SONG Ying-lian, LIU Hong-wu, YANG Yi-hong, HE Jing-jing, YANG Bin-xin, YANG Lin-li, ZHOU Xiang, LIU Li-wei, WANG Pei-yi, YANG Song
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2759-2771.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.009
摘要205)      PDF    收藏

长期以来天然产物为新型农用化学品的发现提供了重要来源灵感。在众多的天然产物中,18β-甘草次酸具有广谱生物活性,更为新药发现提供了重要的活性骨架。为了拓展18β-甘草次酸的农业用途,制备了一系列新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物并评价抗菌性能。以水稻黄单胞菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、猕猴桃溃疡病菌为测试菌株,采用浊度法测试了目标化合物的离体抗菌活性;采用盆栽实验,评估了目标化合物对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果;采用透射电镜对细菌的表型进行了初步验证;借助活性氧实验验证化合物对病原菌活性氧的干扰效果;结合防御酶实验探究化合物对植物防御酶活性的调控性能。通过抗菌活性实验表明,化合物5k对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xoo)具有较好的离体抑菌活性(EC50 = 3.64 mg L-1)和优异的活体保护活性(54.68%)进一步通过活性氧实验和表型验证,化合物5k能造成病原菌体内活性氧过量产生和积累,并进一步破坏病原菌的细胞膜。更值得注意的是,化合物5k提升包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶在内的植物防御酶的活性。实验结果表明,制备的18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物能通过破坏病原菌的氧化还原平衡并激活植物的防御系统共同发挥其控制植物细菌性病害的潜力。

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2. JIA-2021-1394 I型胶原α1链基因是猪基因组中的一个可选的友好基因座
XIANG Guang-ming, ZHANG Xiu-ling, XU Chang-jiang, FAN Zi-yao, XU Kui, WANG Nan, WANG Yue, CHE Jing-jing, XU Song-song, MU Yu-lian, LI Kui, LIU Zhi-guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 202-213.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.105
摘要283)      PDF    收藏

外源基因在转基因动物和细胞中稳定、高效的表达,对于基因功能的研究和生物反应器的建立至关重要。动物基因组中的友好基因座能使外源基因高效稳定的表达且无副作用,但目前猪基因组中可供外源基因安全、高效定点整合的基因座相对较少,限制了多转基因猪的研究和发展。本研究提出了一种将猪I型胶原α1(collagen type I alpha 1 chain,COL1A1基因座作为友好基因座表达外源基因的新策略。利用CRISPOR软件设计了一对靶向COL1A1基因终止密码子的sgRNA并连接到CRISPR/Cas9表达载体pX330中;同时合成了一个不含启动子、左右同源臂各长为900 bp的2A-GFP供体载体,然后共转染猪肾上皮细胞(porcine kidney epithelial,PK15),胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine embryonic fibroblast,PEF)以及回肠上皮细胞(porcine intestinal epithelial,IPI-2I3种细胞。电转染48 h后观察3种细胞的荧光情况,72 h后通过流式细胞术分选绿色荧光蛋白阳性的细胞,并通过荧光定量、蛋白质印记、转录组测序和CCK8实验在不同水平上评估COL1A1基因作为猪基因组外源基因定点整合位点的安全性。结果表明,共转染sgRNA和供体载体之后,可以分别在猪3种不同细胞中观察到绿色荧光,说明同源重组介导的定点整合系统可以在猪基因组中很好的发挥作用。qPCR结果显示,GFP敲入对3种细胞COL1A1基因mRNA表达显著影响(PK15PEFIPI-2I细胞中的P分别为0.290.660.20。同样,蛋白质印记结果显示,GFP阳性细胞与野生型细胞COL1A1蛋白的表达并无显著差异(PK15PEFIPI-2I细胞中的P分别为0.640.480.80)转录组测序结果显示,GFP阳性PEF细胞与野生型PEF细胞的转录组显著正相关P<2.2e-16),表明GFP敲入没有改变内源性基因的整体表达。CCK8实验表明,GFP入对PK15细胞增殖显著影响(24 h48 h,72 h,96 h120 h的P值分别为0.31,0.96,0.24,0.17和0.38)上述结果表明,COL1A1基因可作为猪基因组外源基因定点整合友好基因座,可广泛应用于家畜育种和生物医学模型的建立。本研究首次鉴定出了COL1A1基因可以作为猪基因组中的友好基因座。

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3. GraS is critical for chloroplast development and affects yield in rice 
DU Zhi-xuan, HAO Hui-ying, HE Jin-peng, WANG Jian-ping, HUANG Zhou, XU Jie, FU Hai-hui, FU Jun-ru, HE Hao-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2603-2615.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62859-5
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
Leaf color has been considered an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for a long time.  The changes in leaf color affect the yield of rice.  In this study, a green-revertible albino (graS) mutant was isolated from a 60Co-gamma-irradiated mutant pool of indica cultivar Guangzhan 63-4S.  The fine mapping indicated that graS mutant was mapped to chromosome 1, and was located in a confined region between markers ab134 and InDel 8 with genetic distances of 0.11 and 0.06 cM, respectively.  Based on the annotation results, four open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region.  Sequence analysis revealed that LOC_Os01g55974 had a 2-bp nucleotide insertion (AA) in the coding region that led to premature termination at the 324th base.  Sequence analysis and expression analysis of related genes indicated that LOC_Os01g55974 is the candidate gene of GraS.  We studied the genome and protein sequences of LOC_Os01g55974, and the data showed that GraS contains a deoxycytidine deaminase domain, which was expressed ubiquitously in all tissues.  Further investigation indicated that GraS plays an essential role in the regulation of chloroplast biosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity and yield.  Moreover, leaf color mutant can be used as an effective marker for the purity of breeding and hybridization.
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4. Chinese wheat mosaic virus: A long-term threat to wheat in China
GUO Liu-ming, HE Jing, LI Jing, CHEN Jian-ping, ZHANG Heng-mu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (4): 821-829.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62047-7
摘要272)      PDF(pc) (8544KB)(202)    收藏
In China, a soil-borne virus causing a disease of winter wheat and associated with Polymyxa graminis, has been reported for many years and is now recognized as a new species, Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV).  Since the determination of its genomic sequence, more progress has been made in understanding its genomic structure and functions.  Molecular and serological methods have been developed to help survey the distribution of the virus and to provide the basic information needed for disease forecasting and control.  At present, the best countermeasure is cultivation of resistant wheat varieties.  In addition, development and application of some auxiliary countermeasures, such as rotation of non-host crops, delayed seed-sowing, reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer, and treatment of imported seeds with fungicides before sowing, may be helpful for controlling the disease.  The viral distribution and damage, virion properties, genome organization and spontaneous mutation, temperature sensitivity, and disease management options are here reviewed and/or discussed to help in developing more cost-effective countermeasures to control the disease in the future.
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5. Genetic variation in LBL1 contributes to depth of leaf blades lobes between cotton subspecies, Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum
HE Dao-fang, ZHAO Xiang, LIANG Cheng-zhen, ZHU Tao, Muhammad Ali Abid, CAI Yong-ping, HE Jin-ling, ZHANG Rui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2394-2404.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61954-9
摘要374)      PDF    收藏
Leaf is a essential part of the plants for photosynthetic activities which mainly economize the resources for boll heath.  Significant variations of leaf shapes across the Gossypium sp. considerably influence the infiltration of sunlight for photosynthesis.  To understand the genetic variants and molecular processes underlying for cotton leaf shape, we used F2 population derived from upland cotton genotype P30A (shallow-lobed leaf) and sea-island cotton genotype ISR (deep-lobed leaf) to map leaf deep lobed phenotype controlling genes LBL1 and LBL2.  Genetic analysis and localization results have unmasked the position and interaction between both loci of LBL1 and LBL2, and revealed the co-dominance impact of the genes in regulating depth of leaf blades lobes in cotton.  LBL1 had been described as a main gene and member of transcription factor family leucine zipper (HD-ZIPI) from a class I homologous domain factor Gorai.002G244000.  The qRT-PCR results elaborated the continuous change in expression level of LBL1 at different growth stages and leaf parts of cotton.  Higher expression level was observed in mature large leaves followed by medium and young leaves respectively.  For further confirmation, plants were tested from hormonal induction treatments, which explained that LBL1 expression was influenced by hormonal signaling.  Moreover, the highest expression level was detected in brassinolides (BR) treatment as compared to other hormones, and this hormone plays an important role in the process of leaf blade lobed formation.
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6. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging on fruit quality and superficial scald in Yali pears during storage
FENG Yun-xiao, CHENG Yu-dou, HE Jin-gang, LI Li-mei, GUAN Jun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (07): 1667-1675.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61940-9
摘要485)      PDF    收藏
The Yali pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) is susceptible to superficial scald during prolonged cold storage and at shelf life.  This study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on changes of fruit quality and superficial scald during cold storage and at shelf life in Yali pear.  Compared with MAP, the combination of MAP and 1-MCP (MAP+1-MCP) treatment reduced the carbon dioxide and ethylene content inside the packaging bag.  The 1-MCP, MAP, and MAP+1-MCP treatments reduced the superficial scald index, malondialdehyde content, O2· production rate and relative conductivity and inhibited the accumulation of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes in the peel.  1-MCP and MAP+1-MCP treatments maintained a higher phenolic content and enhanced the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the fruit, while reduced activities of lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase in the peel preceding the onset of superficial scald.  Comprehensive analysis indicated that the MAP+1-MCP treatment is the most effective method tested for improving the quality of Yali pears during cold storage and at shelf life.
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7. Changes of chlorogenic acid content and its synthesis-associated genes expression in Xuehua pear fruit during development
HE Jin-gang, CHENG Yu-dou, GUAN Jun-feng, GE Wen-ya, ZHAO Zhe
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (02): 471-477.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61496-X
摘要1046)      PDF    收藏
According to synthetic pathway of plant chlorogenic acid (CGA), the expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with CGA synthesis were studied in normally developed Xuehua pear fruit.  The study demonstrated that CGA content in peel and flesh of Xuehua pear decreased as fruit development progressed, with a higher level in peel.  The expression levels of PbPAL1, PbPAL2, PbC3H, PbC4H, Pb4CL1, Pb4CL2, Pb4CL6, PbHCT1 and PbHCT3 genes decreased in fruit, which was consistent with the pattern of variation in CGA content.  That indicated that these genes might be key genes for influencing fruit CGA synthesis in Xuehua pear.   However, Pb4CL7 gene expression profile is not consistent with variation of CGA content, hence, it may not be a key gene involved in CGA synthesis.
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8. Seed Zone Properties and Crop Performance as Affected by Three No-Till Seeders for Permanent Raised Beds in Arid Northwest China
HE Jin, LI Hong-wen, Allen David McHugh, WANG Qing-jie, LI Hui, Rabi Gautam Rasaily, Khokan Kumer Sarker
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (10): 1654-1664.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8698
摘要1606)      PDF    收藏
The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds (PRB) systems. This is particularly important in arid Northwest China where large volumes of residue are retained on the soil surface after harvest. In Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, a field trial assessed the effects of three typical (powered-chopper, powered-cutter and powered-disc) PRB no-till seeders and one traditional seeder on soil disturbance, residue cover index, bulk density, fuel consumption, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In general, seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB notill seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots. In PRB cropping system, the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders. However, the results indicated that soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6°C lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less. This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds. Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than poweredchopper treatment. So powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions. Considering the precision requirements for soil disturbance and residue cover, the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China. Although these results are preliminary, they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till seeders for PRB cropping systems in arid Northwest China.
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