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Higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle were the primary morphological traits for yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrids

WEI Huan-he, YANG Yu-lin, SHAO Xing-yu, SHI Tian-yi, MENG Tian-yao, LU Yu, TAO Yuan, LI Xin-yue, DING En-hao, CHEN Ying-long, DAI Qi-gen

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 19 (2): 483-494. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62628-6

摘要（143）

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The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) has been achieved over 13.5 t ha^–1 in large-scale rice fields, and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice (JI) and indica hybrid rice (IH) were also identified. To date, little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH. For this reason, three JIH, three JI, and three IH were field-grown at East China (Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) in 2015 and 2016. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had 14.3 and 20.8% higher grain yield, respectively, attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper, middle, and lower branches. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves, higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages, higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity, higher dry matter weight in leaf, stem, and panicle at heading and maturity stages, and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening. Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively, while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading, stem weight per tiller, and per unit length. Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening, and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.

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2. Transcriptome response of wheat Norin 10 to long-term elevated CO₂ under high yield field condition

LIN Yue-bing, SHEN Cheng-guo, LIN Er-da, HAO Xing-yu, HAN Xue

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016, 15 (9): 2142-2152. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)10702

摘要（1312）

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The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate change by tuning its inherent molecular mechanism, which is not well understood. The present study employed the RNA-Seq method to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat Norin 10 in response to elevated CO₂ in comparison with ambient CO₂. The 10 895 787 high-quality clean reads of Norin 10 were assembled de novo using Trinity (without a reference genome) resulting in a total of 18 206 candidate transcripts with significant BLAST matches. GO enrichment analysis of Norin 10 at different CO₂concentrations showed that some functional genes related to plastids, precursor metabolites, and energy, thylakoid and photosynthesis were apparently enriched at elevated CO₂ (550 μmol mol^–1) in contrast to that at ambient CO₂ (400 μmol mol–1); these findings were further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The findings demonstrated the specific effects of elevated CO₂ during long-term period in free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on transcriptome response of the high yielding wheat variety, Norin 10, which has a large spike.

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3. Leaf photosynthesis and yield components of mung bean under fully open-air elevated [CO2]

GAO Ji, HAN Xue, Saman Seneweera, LI Ping, ZONG Yu-zheng, DONG Qi, LIN Er-da, HAO Xing-yu

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015, 14 (5): 977-983. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60941-2

摘要（2330）

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Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) has the potential to establish symbiosis with rhizobia, and symbiotic association of soil micro flora may facilitate the photosynthesis and plant growth response to elevated [CO2]. Mung bean was grown at either ambient CO2 400 μmol mol–1 or [CO2] ((550±17) μmol mol–1) under free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experimental facility in North China. Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves, but decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv´/Fm´), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP). At elevated [CO2], the decrease of Fv´/Fm´, ΦPSII, qP at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage. On the other hand, Pn was increased at elevated [CO2] by 18.7 and 7.4% at full bloom (R2) and pod maturity stages (R4), respectively. From these findings, we concluded that as a legume despite greater nutrient supply to the carbon assimilation at elevated [CO2], photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated [CO2] particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%, respectively. Further, these findings suggest that even under higher nutrient acquisition systems such as legumes, nutrient assimilation does not match carbon assimilation under elevated [CO2] and leads photosynthesis down-regulation to elevated [CO2].

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