月季是世界上最重要的观赏植物之一，具有极高食用和药用价值，还被全世界范围广泛种植用来提取精油。本研究采用固相微萃取（SPME）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法对在云南西北地区发现的具有浓郁甜香的新物种——大花粉晕香水月季（Rosa yangii）不同开花阶段的花香成分进行提取和分析。共检测到113种挥发性有机化合物，从中筛选出69种芳香挥发物。我们发现大花粉晕香水月季的花朵在初开期产生和释放的挥发性有机物明显高于其他开放阶段，此阶段合成并保留了大量的花香组分，说明在工业生产时更适合在初开期采收花朵。气味活性值（OAV）分析表明，大花粉晕香水月季的主要芳香成分包括丁香酚、甲基丁香醇、苯乙醛和苯乙醇、庚醛、癸醛、（E）-2-己烯-1-基乙酸酯、石竹烯等。代谢组和时序基因共表达网络（TO-GCN）联合分析显示，苯类/苯丙类挥发性有机化合物合成途径上的基因和有机挥发物对其浓郁甜香起主要调控作用。MYB和bHLH可能是调控丁香酚合成酶（EGS）和异丁香酚合成酶（IGS）合成进而影响花香的重要转录因子。综上所述，本研究可为观赏植物芳香分子育种提供科学依据，并促进植物精油新原料在食品储藏、芳香疗法、化妆品和香料行业的开发利用。

土壤线虫群落能指示土壤食物网结构与功能，对短期秸秆还田等农业管理措施比较敏感。但目前关于不同肥力条件下长期秸秆还田对线虫群落的影响研究较少。基于13年长期秸秆还田试验，本研究通过分析线虫群落结构、食物网指数、代谢足迹，评价了低肥力（不施肥化肥）和高肥力条件下（长期施用化肥）秸秆还田对土壤食物网结构和功能的影响。试验设置4个处理，分别为低肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理，高肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理。2018年在小麦和水稻收获后取样，取样深度20 cm。结果表明：低肥力条件下，与不还田处理相比，秸秆还田处理线虫总丰度、食细菌线虫丰度、植物寄生线虫丰度、杂食-捕食线虫丰度及占线虫总丰度的比例分别比不还田处理高73.06%，89.29%，95.31%，238.98%和114.61%，高肥力条件下则分别高16.23%，2.23%，19.01%，141.38%和90.23%。在不考虑取样时间和肥力条件下，与不还田处理相比，秸秆还田提高了线虫群落仙农-维纳指数和成熟度指数，表明秸秆还田提高了线虫群落多样性和稳定性。此外，秸秆还田对线虫群落富集指数、富集足迹、食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫代谢足迹影响不显著，但显著提高了植物寄生线虫代谢足迹和结构足迹，低肥力条件下提高了97.27%和305.39% ，高肥力条件下提高了11.29%和149.56%，对结构指数的影响尽管在统计上不显著，但呈现出上升的趋势，这表明秸秆还田对线虫群落的自下而上调节能力较弱，而自上而下调节能力较强。总之，长期秸秆还田主要通过自上而下效应调节线虫群落，提高了线虫群落丰度，改变了线虫群落结构，且在低肥力条件下作用更强。

    Fusarium wilt of banana, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is a serious soil-borne fungal disease. Now, the epigenetic molecular pathogenic basis is elusive. In this study, with methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique, DNA methylation was compared between the leaves inoculated with Foc TR4 and the mock-inoculated leaves at different pathogenic stages. With 25 pairs of primers, 1 144 and 1 255 fragments were amplified from the infected and mock-inoculated leaves, respectively. DNA methylation was both changed and the average methylated CCGG sequences were 34.81 and 29.26% for the infected and the mock-inoculated leaves. And DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation were induced by pathogen infection during all pathogenic stages. Further, 69 polymorphic fragments were sequenced and 29 of them showed sequence similarity to genes with known functions. And RT-PCR results of four genes indicated that their expression patterns were consistent with their methylation patterns. Our results suggest that DNA methylation plays important roles in pathogenic response to Foc TR4 for banana.

Regulator of G protein signaling proteins (RGS) accelerate the rate of GTP hydrolysis by Gα proteins, thus acting as negative regulators of G-protein signaling. Studies on Arabidopsis and soybean have proven that RGS proteins are physiologically important in plants and contribute to the signaling pathways regulated by different stimuli. Brassica napus is an important agriculturally relevant plant, the wildly planted oilseed rape in the world, which possesses an identified Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits. In the present study, we identified and characterized a Brassica napus RGS gene, BnRGS1, which contained an open reading frame of 1 380 bp encoding a putative 52.6 kDa polypeptide of 459 amino acids, within seven putative transmembrane domains in the N-terminal and RGS box in the C-terminal. BnRGS1 is located on the membrane in onion epidermal cells and tobacco leaves, and interacts with BnGA1 in the mating-based split-ubiquitin system. The expression levels of BnRGS1 were quite different in different tissues and developmental stages, and induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The effects of gibberellin (GA3) and brassinolide (BR) on the expression of BnRGS1 were irregular under the concentrations tested. Moreover, the transcript level of BnRGS1 was also induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), whereas remained little changed by 200 mmol L-1 NaCl. These results suggested that the BnRGS1 may be involved in B. napus response to plant hormone signaling and abiotic stresses.