Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60737-6

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2014, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (12): 2625-2633.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60737-6

Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

Khalid Usman, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Fazal Yazdan, Niamatullah Khan, Abdur Rashid , Saleem Ud Din

1、Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakistan
2、Oil Seed Research Programme, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3、Cotton Research Station, Ratta Kulachi, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakistan
4、Arid Zone Research Institute, Ratta Kulachi, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakista

收稿日期:2012-11-13 出版日期:2014-12-01 发布日期:2014-12-10
通讯作者: Khalid Usman, Tel: +92-966-750087, Fax: +92-966-750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com
作者简介:Khalid Usman, Tel: +92-966-750087, Fax: +92-966-750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com

Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

Khalid Usman, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Fazal Yazdan, Niamatullah Khan, Abdur Rashid , Saleem Ud Din

1、Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakistan
2、Oil Seed Research Programme, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3、Cotton Research Station, Ratta Kulachi, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakistan
4、Arid Zone Research Institute, Ratta Kulachi, D. I. Khan 29050, Pakista

Received:2012-11-13 Online:2014-12-01 Published:2014-12-10
Contact: Khalid Usman, Tel: +92-966-750087, Fax: +92-966-750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com
About author:Khalid Usman, Tel: +92-966-750087, Fax: +92-966-750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen (N) splitting on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield over 2 yr (2010-2012) in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat system in northwestern Pakistan. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised six tillage and residue managements: zero tillage straw retained (ZTsr), zero tillage straw burnt (ZTsb), reduced tillage straw incorporated (RTsi), reduced tillage straw burnt (RTsb), conventional tillage straw incorporated (CTsi), and conventional tillage straw burnt (CTsb) as main plots and N (200 kg ha-1) was applied as split form viz., control (no nitrogen & no splitting, N0S0); 2 splits of total N, half at sowing and half at the 1st irrigation (i.e., 20 d after sowing (DAS)) (NS1); 3 splits of total N, 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the 1st irrigation, and 1/3 at the 2nd irrigation (NS2); 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at sowing, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation (45 DAS), and 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation (70 DAS) (NS3); and 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation, 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation, and 1/4 at the 4th irrigation (95DAS) (NS4) as sub plots. The results showed that the most pikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield, and N use efficiency (NUE) were obtained at zero tillage, straw retained and 4 splits application of total N (i.e., at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing). The results indicated that ZTsr with application of 200 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits viz. at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing is an appropriate strategy that enhanced wheat yield (7 436-7 634 kg ha-1) and N efficiency (28.6-29.5 kg kg-1) in rice-wheat system.

关键词: tillage , residue management , N split application , wheat , yield

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen (N) splitting on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield over 2 yr (2010-2012) in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat system in northwestern Pakistan. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised six tillage and residue managements: zero tillage straw retained (ZTsr), zero tillage straw burnt (ZTsb), reduced tillage straw incorporated (RTsi), reduced tillage straw burnt (RTsb), conventional tillage straw incorporated (CTsi), and conventional tillage straw burnt (CTsb) as main plots and N (200 kg ha-1) was applied as split form viz., control (no nitrogen & no splitting, N0S0); 2 splits of total N, half at sowing and half at the 1st irrigation (i.e., 20 d after sowing (DAS)) (NS1); 3 splits of total N, 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the 1st irrigation, and 1/3 at the 2nd irrigation (NS2); 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at sowing, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation (45 DAS), and 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation (70 DAS) (NS3); and 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation, 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation, and 1/4 at the 4th irrigation (95DAS) (NS4) as sub plots. The results showed that the most pikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield, and N use efficiency (NUE) were obtained at zero tillage, straw retained and 4 splits application of total N (i.e., at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing). The results indicated that ZTsr with application of 200 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits viz. at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing is an appropriate strategy that enhanced wheat yield (7 436-7 634 kg ha-1) and N efficiency (28.6-29.5 kg kg-1) in rice-wheat system.

Key words: tillage , residue management , N split application , wheat , yield

Khalid Usman, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Fazal Yazdan, Niamatullah Khan, Abdur Rashid , Saleem Ud Din. Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13(12): 2625-2633.

参考文献

Alcoz M M, Hons F M, Haby V A. 1993. Nitrogen fertilizationtiming effect on wheat production, nitrogen uptakeefficiency, and residual soil nitrogen. Agronomy Journal,85, 1198-1203

Bhatia C R, Rabson R. 1987. Relationship of grain yieldand nutritional quality. In: Olson R A, Frey K J, eds.,Nutritional Quality of Cereal Grains: Genetic andAgronomic Improvement, No. 28. American Society ofAgronomy, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 111-143

Borghi B, Corbellini M, Minoia C, Palumbo M, Di FonzoN, Perezin M. 1997. Effects of Mediterranean climate onwheat bread-making quality of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). European Journal of Agronomy, 4, 145-154

Borghi B. 2000. Nitrogen as determinant of wheat growth andyield. In: Satorre E H, Slafer G A, eds., Wheat Ecology andPhysiology of Yield Determination. Food Products Press,New York. pp. 351-377

Brar N K, Condon J, Evans J, Singh Y. 2010. Nitrogenmanagement in wheat sown in rice straw as mulch inNorth West India. In: 19th World Congress of Soil Science,Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1-6 August 2010International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), c/o Institut fürBodenforschung, Universität für Bodenkultur. Brisbane,Australia. pp. 206-209

Bremner J M, Mulvaney C S. 1982. Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL, Miller R H, Keeney D R, eds., Methods of Soil Analysis.Part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nded. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.pp. 595-682

Brenner M. 1987. The role of hormones in photosynthatepartitioning and seed filling. In P. J. Davies(ed.),Plant Hormones and Their Role in Plant Growth andDevelopment. Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 474-493

Brooks A, Jenner C F, Aspinall D. 1982. Effects of water deficiton endosperm starch granules and on grain physiology ofwheat and barley. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,9, 423-436

Burresen T. 1999. The effect of straw management and reducedtillage on soil properties and crop yields of spring-sowncereals on two loam soils in Norway. Soil and TillageResearch, 51, 91-102

Byerlee D, Siddiq A. 1994. Has the green revolution beensustained? The quantitative impact of the seed-fertilizerrevolution in Pakistan revisited. World Development, 22,1345-1361

Chauhan, D S, Sharma R K, Chhokar R S. 2003. Comparativeperformance of tillage options in wheat (Triticum aestivum)productivity and weed management. Indian Journal ofAgricultural Sciences, 73, 402-406

Chen C, Neill K. 2006. Response of spring wheat yieldand protein to row spacing, plant density, and nitrogenapplication in Central Montana. In: Fertilizer Fact: No.37.Montana State University, Agricultural Experiment Stationand Extension Service, USA.

FAO. 1990. Fertilizer Yearbook 1990. FAO, Rome.

Galloway J N, Schlesinger W H, Levy H, Michaels A, SchnoorJ L. 1995. Nitrogen fixation-anthropogenic enhancementenvironmentalresponse. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,9, 235-252

Gangwar K S, Singh K K, Sharma S K, Tomar O K. 2006Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheatafter rice in sandy loam of Indo-Gangetic plains. Soil andTillage Research, 88, 242-252

Garrido-Lestache E, López-Bellido R J, López-Bellido L.2004. Effect of N rate, timing and splitting and N typeon bread-making quality in hard red spring wheat underrainfed Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research.85, 213-236

Gate P. 1995. L’elaboration de la teneur en proteins du grain.Perspective Agricoles, 203, XLIV-XLVIII. (in French)

Gooding M J, Davies W P. 1997. Wheat Production andUtilization. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. p. 355.Islam Z, Bagchi B, Hossain M. 2007. Adoption of leaf colorchart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessmentof a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal, India.Field Crops Research, 103, 70-75

Jan M T, Khan S. 2002. Response of wheat yield componentsto type of N fertilizer, their levels and application time.Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 3, 1227-1230

Jan T, Jan M T, Arif M, Akbar H, Ali S. 2007. Response ofwheat to source, type and time of nitrogen application.Sarhad Journal Agriculture, 23, 871-879

Jan M T, Khan M J, Farhatullah, Arif M, Afridi M Z, KhanA, Akbar H. 2012. Integrated management of crop residueand N fertilizer for wheat production. Pakistan Journal ofBotany, 44, 2015-2019

Johnson V A, Mattern P J. 1987. Wheat, rye and triticale. In:Olson R A, Frey K J, eds., Nutritional Quality of Cereal Grains: Genetic and Agronomy Improvements, No. 28.American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. pp.133-182

Khan A, Jan A, Alam S. 2005. Effect of nitrogen and seed sizeon maize crop II: Yield and yield components. Journal ofAgriculture & Social Sciences, 1, 18-23

Kiani M J, Abbasi M K, Rahim N. 2005. Use of organicmanure with mineral N fertilizer increases wheat yieldat Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Archives ofAgronomy & Soil Science, 51, 299-309

Kumar K, Goh K M, 2000. Crop residues and managementpractices: effects on soil quality, soil nitrogen dynamics,crop yield, and nitrogen recovery. Advances in Agronomy,68, 197-319

Liu T X, Ji X E. 2003. Effect of crop straw burning on soilorganic matter and soil microbes. Soil, 35, 347-348 (inChinese)

López-Bellido L, López-Bellido R J, Castillo J E, López-Bellido F J. 2000. Effects of tillage, crop rotation andnitrogen fertilization on wheat under rainfed Mediterraneanconditions. Agronomy Journal, 92, 1054-1063

López-Bellido L, López-Bellido R J, Castillo J E, López-Bellido F J. 2001. Effects of long-term tillage, crop rotationand nitrogen fertilization on bread-making quality of hardred spring wheat. Field Crops Research, 72, 197-210

López-Bellido L, López-Bellido R J, Redondo R, 2005.Nitrogen efficiency in wheat under rainfed Mediterraneanconditions as affected by split nitrogen application. FieldCrops Research. 94, 86-97

López-Bellido L, López-Bellido R J, López-Bellido F J. 2006.Fertilizer nitrogen efficiency in durum wheat under rainfedmediterranean conditions: effect of split application.Agronomy Journal, 98, 55-62

Mandal K G, Misra A K, Hati K M, Bandyopadhyay K K,Ghosh P K, Mohanty M. 2004. Rice residue-managementoptions and effects on soil properties and crop productivity.Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2, 224-231

Matson P A, Parton W J, Power A G, Swift M. 1997.Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties.Science, 277, 504-509

Melaj M A, Echevarria H E, López S C, Studdert G, AndradeF, Bárbaro N O. 2003. Timing of nitrogen fertilization inwheat under conventional and no-tillage system. AgronomyJournal, 95, 1525-1531

Mossedaq F, Smith D H. 1994. Timing nitrogen application toenhance spring wheat yields in a Mediterranean climate.Agronomy Journal, 86, 221-226

Naveed K, Khan M A, Baloch M S, Khan N, Nadim M A. 2013.Effect of time of nitrogen application on morphological andphysiological attributes of dual-purpose wheat. PakistanJournal of Botany, 45, 1299-1305

Nelson D W, Sommers L E. 1982. Total carbon, organiccarbon, and organic matter. In: Page A L, Miller R H,Keeney D R, eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2.Agronomy No. 9. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 539-579

Rao A C S, Smith J L, Jandhyala V K, Papendick R I, ParrJ F. 1993. Cultivar and climatic effects on the proteincontent of soft white winter wheat. Agronomy Journal,85, 1023-1028

Sadik N. 1992. The State of World Population. United NationsPopulation Fund, New York, USA,Sharma R K, Chhokar R S, Chauhan D S. 2002. Zero tillagetechnology in rice-wheat system: Retrospect and prospects.Indian Farming, 54, 12-17

Soil Survey Staff. 2009. Keys to Soil of NWFP, FATA andNorthern Areas. National Institute of Research in Soilsand Geomatics, Lahore, Pakistan. p. 76.Sowers K E, Miller B C, Pan W L. 1994. Optimizing grain yieldin soft white winter wheat with split nitrogen applications.Agronomy Journal, 86, 1020-1025

Soltanpour P N. 1985. Use of ammonium bicarbonate-DTPAsoil test to evaluate elemental availability and toxicity.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 16,322-338

Steel R G D, Torrie J H. 1980. Principles and Procedures ofStatistics. McGraw Hill Book, New York.

Stone P J, Savin R. 2000. Grain quality and its physiologicaldeterminants. In: Satorre M H, Slafer G A, eds., Wheat,Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination. FoodProducts Press, New York. pp. 85-120

Tran T S, Tremblay G. 2000. Recovery of N-15-labeledfertilizer by spring bread wheat at different N rates andapplication times Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80,533-539

Usman K, Khan E A, Khan N, Khan M A, Ghulam S, KhanS, Baloch J. 2013. Effect of tillage and nitrogen on wheatproduction, economics, and soil fertility in rice-wheatcropping system. American Journal of Plant Sciences,4, 17-25

Usman K, Khalil S K, Ghulam S. 2012a. Tillage and N impacton wheat production and N efficiency under rice-wheatcropping system in northwestern Pakistan. PhilippineAgricultural Scientist, 95, 33-42

Usman K, Khan S M, Awan I, Ghulam S, Khan M U, KhanM A, Rehman A U. 2012b. Tillage and seed rate impacton wheat yield, soil organic matter and total soil nitrogenunder rice-wheat cropping system in northwesternPakistan. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 95, 160-168

Xu G W, Tan G L, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Yang J C. 2009. Effectsof wheat residue application and site-specific nitrogenmanagement on growth and development in direct-seedingrice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 35, 685-694 (in Chinese)

[1]	. 不同生育期和施氮量的冬小麦叶色动态模拟[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 60-69.
[2]	WANG Na, Joost Wolf, ZHANG Fu-suo. Towards sustainable intensification of apple production in China—Yield gaps and nutrient use efficiency in apple farming systems[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(4): 716-725.
[3]	MENG Qing-feng, LI Da-wei, ZHANG Juan, ZHOU Lian-ren, MA Xian-fa, WANG Hong-yan, WANG Guang-cheng. Soil properties and corn (Zea mays L.) production under manure application combined with deep tillage management in solonetzic soils of Songnen Plain, Northeast China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(4): 879-890.
[4]	GUO Fei, MA Juan-juan, ZHENG Li-jian, SUN Xi-huan, GUO Xiang-hong, ZHANG Xue-lan. Estimating distribution of water uptake with depth of winter wheat by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes under different irrigation depths[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(4): 891-906.
[5]	ZHAO Yong-ying, WANG Xiang, WEI Li, WANG Jing-xuan, YIN Jun. Characterization of Ppd-D1 alleles on the developmental traits and rhythmic expression of photoperiod genes in common wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(3): 502-511.
[6]	WANG Li-fang, CHEN Juan, SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping. Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen distribution of largespike wheat in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(3): 545-552.
[7]	ZHAO Pei, WANG Ke, LIN Zhi-shan, LIU Hui-yun, LI Xin, DU Li-pu, YAN Yue-ming, YE Xing-guo. A genetic evidence of chromosomal fragment from bridge parent existing in substitution lines between two common wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 10-17.
[8]	WEI Huan-he, LI Chao, XING Zhi-peng, WANG Wen-ting, DAI Qi-gen, ZHOU Gui-shen, WANG Li, XU Ke, HUO Zhong-yang, GUO Bao-wei, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng. Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 50-62.
[9]	XU Cai-long, TAO Hong-bin, WANG Pu, WANG Zhen-lin. Slight shading after anthesis increases photosynthetic productivity and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the delaying of leaf senescence[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 63-75.
[10]	WANG Shu-ping, ZHANG Gai-sheng, SONG Qi-lu, ZHANG Ying-xin, LI Ying, GUO Jia-lin, CHEN Zheng, NIU Na, MA Shou-cai, WANG Jun-wei. Programmed cell death, antioxidant response and oxidative stress in wheat flag leaves induced by chemical hybridization agent SQ-1[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 76-86.
[11]	XI Bin, ZHAI Li-mei, LIU Jian, LIU Shen, WANG Hong-yuan, LUO Chun-yan, REN Tian-zhi, LIU Hong-bin. Long-term phosphorus accumulation and agronomic and environmtal critical phosphorus levels in Haplic Luvisol soil, northern China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 200-208.
[12]	ZHAI Hui-jie, FENG Zhi-yu, LIU Xin-ye, CHENG Xue-jiao, PENG Hui-ru, YAO Ying-yin, SUN Qi-xin, NI Zhong-fu. A genetic linkage map with 178 SSR and 1 901 SNP markers constructed using a RIL population in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(9): 1697-1705.
[13]	DUANZong-biao, SHENChun-cai, LIQiao-yun, LüGui-zhen, NIYong-jing, YUDong-yan, NIUJi-shan. Identification of a novel male sterile wheat mutant dms conferring dwarf status and multi-pistils[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(9): 1706-1714.
[14]	LI Cong-feng, TAO Zhi-qiang, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHUANG Ke-zhang, DONG Shu-ting, ZHAO Ming. Increased grain yield with improved photosynthetic characters in modern maize parental lines[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(9): 1735-1744.
[15]	Hafeez ur Rehman, Hassan Iqbal, Shahzad M A Basra, Irfan Afzal, Muhammad Farooq, Abdul Wakeel, WANG Ning. Seed priming improves early seedling vigor, growth and productivity of spring maize[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(9): 1745-1754.

Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics