Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2014, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 471-482.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60702-9

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The Hydrochar Characters of Municipal Sewage Sludge Under Different Hydrothermal Temperatures and Durations

 ZHANG Jin-hong, LIN Qi-mei , ZHAO Xiao-rong   

  1. Department of Soil and Water Science, College of Resource and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-09 出版日期:2014-03-01 发布日期:2014-03-12
  • 通讯作者: ZHAO Xiao-rong, Mobile: 13522969708, E-mail: zhaoxr@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:ZHANG Jin-hong
  • 基金资助:

    This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071206).

The Hydrochar Characters of Municipal Sewage Sludge Under Different Hydrothermal Temperatures and Durations

 ZHANG Jin-hong, LIN Qi-mei , ZHAO Xiao-rong   

  1. Department of Soil and Water Science, College of Resource and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
  • Received:2013-10-09 Online:2014-03-01 Published:2014-03-12
  • Contact: ZHAO Xiao-rong, Mobile: 13522969708, E-mail: zhaoxr@cau.edu.cn
  • About author:ZHANG Jin-hong
  • Supported by:

    This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071206).

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摘要： Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures (190 and 260°C) and reaction hours (1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h). The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm3 g-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.

关键词: municipal sewage sludge , hydrothermal carbonization , hydrochar

Abstract: Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures (190 and 260°C) and reaction hours (1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h). The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm3 g-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.

Key words: municipal sewage sludge , hydrothermal carbonization , hydrochar