高寒牧草根相关真菌的宿主偏好性及其对长期施氮和杀真菌剂的响应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物根系与多种真菌紧密互作，这些真菌被称为根相关真菌，它们对维持牧草生态系统的生产力和可持续性至关重要。然而，不同牧草物种间的根相关真菌群落是否具有差异，以及这些真菌如何响应施肥和杀真菌剂,这些问题目前仍研究较少。本研究在高寒牧草生态系统中，基于连续11年施氮（4个水平）和杀真菌剂（有或无）的交互实验样地，研究了两种优势牧草（线叶嵩草[Carex capillifolia]和垂穗披碱草[Elymus nutans]）的根相关真菌群落组成、根系性状、组织养分和地上生物量。结果表明，两种植物间的根相关真菌群落组成差异显著，且同时受施氮和杀真菌剂的影响。施用杀真菌剂显著降低了两种植物所有根相关真菌功能群的物种丰富度，且引起线叶嵩草根相关真菌的共现网络结构趋于简单化。此外，根相关真菌的群落组成与植物的根系性状紧密相关，但这种相关性在单植物物种水平上很弱甚至消失。根相关真菌对植物氮养分和生物量的重要性因植物物种而异：它们对线叶嵩草极为重要，对垂穗披碱草却贡献很小。本研究首次在高寒牧草生态系统中阐明了长期施用杀真菌剂对根相关真菌群落的影响，相关研究发现也强调了根相关真菌群落的结构和功能对人为扰动的响应具有宿主特异性。

Abstract:

Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems, but how these root-associated fungi (RAF) differ between forage species and how they respond to nutrient enrichment and fungicide application are not well understood. Here, we constructed an 11-year experiment involving fungicide application (with or without) nested within four levels of experimental nitrogen (N) addition treatments in an alpine pasture, and the RAF communities, root traits, tissue nutrients, and shoot biomass of two dominant forage species (Carex capillifolia and Elymus nutans) were analyzed. The RAF community composition showed striking differences between the plant species and was strongly affected by both N addition level and fungicide applications. Fungicide, but not N application, dramatically reduced the RAF richness of all functional guilds in both plant species, and fungicide also simplified the co-occurrence network of the RAF for C. capillifolia. The RAF community correlated strongly with root traits, whereas their relationships became weakened or even vanished at the level of the individual plant species. The importance of RAF to plant nutrients and productivity varied between plant species, with significant contributions in C. capillifolia but not in E. nutans. This is the first report elucidating the long-term effect of fungicides on RAF in alpine pastures, and our findings emphasize the host-specific responses of RAF community structure and function to anthropogenic disturbances.

Key words: nitrogen , fungicide , root-associated fungi , host preference , co-occurrence network , plant–fungal interaction

Hao Xi, Jing Zeng, Jiayao Han, Yali Zhang, Jianbin Pan, Qi Zhang, Huyuan Feng, Yongjun Liu. 高寒牧草根相关真菌的宿主偏好性及其对长期施氮和杀真菌剂的响应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 885-899.

Hao Xi, Jing Zeng, Jiayao Han, Yali Zhang, Jianbin Pan, Qi Zhang, Huyuan Feng, Yongjun Liu. Host preferences of root-associated fungi and their responses to decadal nitrogen and fungicide applications in an alpine pasture ecosystem[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 885-899.

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