甘蔗/大豆间作与减量施氮提高了秸秆腐解过程中土壤中秸秆源活性有机碳碳含量和微生物网络复杂度

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘蔗/大豆间作与减量施氮作为一种重要的可持续农业模式，可以改变土壤生态功能，进而影响秸秆在土壤中的分解。然而，在长期间作和减量施氮的条件下，秸秆分解过程中土壤有机碳（SOC）组成和微生物群落变化的机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们在双因素（种植模式：甘蔗单作（MS）、甘蔗/大豆间作（SB）；氮添加水平：减量施氮（N1）和常规施氮（N2））长期试验田中进行了¹³C-标记大豆秸秆的原位微区培养试验。结果表明，SBN1处理显著提高了秸秆分解过程中秸秆源颗粒有机碳（POC）和秸秆源微生物生物量碳（MBC）的含量，土壤中秸秆碳主要以POC的形式保存。秸秆的加入改变了土壤微生物群落结构，降低了土壤微生物多样性，但随着分解时间的延长，微生物多样性逐渐恢复。在秸秆分解过程中，间作模式显著增加了厚壁菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度。此外，在甘蔗/大豆间作模式中，秸秆的添加降低了微生物网络的复杂性，而在甘蔗单作模式中，秸秆的添加增加了微生物网络的复杂性。尽管如此，SBN1处理中的微生物网络复杂性仍然高于MSN1处理。总的来说，SBN1处理显著增加了微生物群落的多样性和与有机物分解相关的微生物的相对丰度，微生物群落的变化主要由秸秆源活性SOC组分驱动。这些结果表明，甘蔗/大豆间作与减量施氮处理中的秸秆碳可以更多地固存在土壤中，以保持微生物多样性，促进可持续农业的发展。

Abstract:

Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition is an important sustainable agricultural pattern that can alter soil ecological functions, thereby affecting straw decomposition in the soil. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) composition and microbial communities during straw decomposition under long-term intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition remain unclear. In this study, we conducted an in-situ microplot incubation experiment with 13C-labeled soybean straw residue addition in a two-factor (cropping pattern: sugarcane monoculture (MS) and sugarcane/soybean intercropping (SB); nitrogen addition levels: reduced nitrogen addition (N1) and conventional nitrogen addition (N2)) long-term experimental field plot. The results showed that the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the residual particulate organic carbon (POC) and residual microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents during straw decomposition, and the straw carbon in soil was mainly conserved as POC. Straw addition changed the structure and reduced the diversity of the soil microbial community, but microbial diversity gradually recovered with decomposition time. During straw decomposition, the intercropping pattern significantly increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Ascomycota. In addition, straw addition reduced microbial network complexity in the sugarcane/soybean intercropping pattern but increased it in the sugarcane monoculture pattern. Nevertheless, microbial network complexity remained higher in the SBN1 treatment than in the MSN1 treatment. In general, the SBN1 treatment significantly increased the diversity of microbial communities and the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with organic matter decomposition, and the changes in microbial communities were mainly driven by the residual labile SOC fractions. These findings suggest that more straw carbon can be sequestered in the soil under sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition to maintain microbial diversity and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.

Key words: sugarcane/soybean intercropping , ¹³C-labeled straw , labile SOC fractions , microbial networks

Tantan Zhang, Yali Liu, Shiqiang Ge, Peng Peng, Hu Tang, Jianwu Wang. 甘蔗/大豆间作与减量施氮提高了秸秆腐解过程中土壤中秸秆源活性有机碳碳含量和微生物网络复杂度[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4216-4236.

Tantan Zhang, Yali Liu, Shiqiang Ge, Peng Peng, Hu Tang, Jianwu Wang. Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition enhances residue-derived labile soil organic carbon and microbial network complexity in the soil during straw decomposition[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4216-4236.

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