Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 984-1000.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.034

• • 上一篇    下一篇

肉鸡腿病诊断：一个回顾性综述

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-08-25 接受日期:2023-12-12 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Diagnosis of leg diseases in broiler chickens: A retrospective review

Bowen Xu*, Tingting Xu*, Wenli Ding, Shucheng Huang#   

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China

  • Received:2023-08-25 Accepted:2023-12-12 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-02-28
  • About author:#Correspondence Shucheng Huang, E-mail: huang.sc@henau.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202876), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023T160198), and the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province Department of China (232102111046).


PDF

摘要：

肉鸡作为饲养周期短的可食用家禽而闻名。在肉鸡饲养管理中存在一个不可避免的问题——因骨骼疾病引起的系列腿病。腿病的发生会限制肉鸡的运动能力，并产生一系列负面影响，包括生产性能降低和动物福利损害。随着肉鸡饲养在全球范围内的推广以及集约化养殖和管理技术的提高，肉鸡的生长速度不断加快。但与肉鸡肌肉快速生长相比，骨骼的生长速度相对较慢，这种不平衡的发育模式导致肉鸡腿骨不足以支撑其体重，从而引起骨折风险和系列感染疾病的多发。肉鸡腿部疾病最常见的症状包括关节囊肿、腿部无力和骨骼变形等。据估计，全世界每年约有125亿只家禽遭受各种腿部损伤。家禽业中常见的腿部骨骼疾病包括胫骨软骨发育不良、病毒性关节炎、感染性滑膜炎、股骨头坏死、鸡骨型白血病和细菌性软骨坏死伴骨髓炎。这些疾病严重限制了肉鸡的正常运动和采食范围，使其骨骼发育异常和增重速度减缓。根据一项审查显示，腿部疾病已在美国肉鸡行业造成8000万至1.2亿美元的经济损失。因此，腿部健康是家禽经济不可忽略的问题。事实证明，及时有效的诊断技术可以最大限度地减少经济损失。腿部疾病是一种多病因疾病，受遗传、饲料组分、饲养和管理方法、继发感染和真菌毒素摄入等因素的影响。一般腿部疾病初始大多表现为亚临床症状，而这些症状往往容易被忽视。常见的肉鸡腿病诊断方法包括临床诊断、尸体剖解、放射学诊断和红外热成像等。然而，这些方法并不能单独准确的进行诊断，同时可能会对肉鸡造成侵袭性损伤。近年来，生物标志物和一些新兴的临床诊断技术，作为非侵入性的诊断方法越来越多的应用于人医临床。这提示，人们可能以这些诊断方法为基础，探索出简易可操作以及具有生产使用意义的肉鸡腿病诊断工具，在避免动物受到伤害的同时达到诊断目的。因此，本文回顾了肉鸡腿病的几种主要诊断方法，以及新兴的诊断技术，以期为肉鸡腿病的识别技术提供理参考。

Abstract:

In the process of feeding, broilers are susceptible to leg diseases, which are often caused by factors such as genetics, bacteria, viruses, the growth environment, and diet management.  Treating leg disorders/diseases in broilers is challenging, and once they suffer from such conditions, it generally leads to reduced production performance and affects the quality of meat.  It is worth mentioning that with the advancement of intensive management technologies and the accelerated growth rate of broilers, the leg diseases in broilers has increased, resulting in higher culling rates during production.  Leg diseases not only cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry, but also severely jeopardize the animal welfare of broilers.  Therefore, effective early diagnosis is crucial to mitigate the adverse effects of chicken leg diseases.  This study aims to review various diagnostic methods, including clinical diagnosis, autopsy, radiological diagnosis, infrared thermal imagery, biomarkers and emerging diagnostic techniques, to establish a theoretical foundation for the identification or monitoring of leg diseases in poultry industry.


Key words: biomarker , diagnosis , leg disease , nutritional and metabolic disease , poultry