Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 480-496.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.014

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滴灌水稻不同氮效率品种产量、根性状及其可塑性对氮环境的响应

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31 接受日期:2023-11-17 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-01-21

Responses of yield, root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in nitrogen-efficient cultivars of drip-irrigated rice

Qingyun Tang1*, Guodong Wang2*, Lei Zhao1, Zhiwen Song1, Yuxiang Li1#   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture, Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China

    2 Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, China

  • Received:2023-07-31 Accepted:2023-11-17 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-01-21
  • About author:Qingyun Tang, E-mail: 20212012005@stu.shzu.edu.cn; Guodong Wang, E-mail: 95201209@163.com; #Correspondence Yuxiang Li, Tel: +86-993-2058007, E-mail: yxli@shzu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860345 and 31460541), the Youth Innovative Top Talents Project of Shihezi University, China (CXBJ202003), the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Scientific and Technological Achievements Transfer and Transformation Project, China (KJ2023CG03).

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摘要：

滴灌水稻生理特征对水肥的响应已被广泛研究，但关于不同氮效率品种产量、根性状及其可塑性对氮环境的响应尚不完全清楚。试验于2020-2022年，以氮高效品种（T-43）和氮低效品种（LX-3）为材料，大田滴灌条件下设4个氮水平（0、150、300和450kg/ha2），研究了根系形态、构型、生物量、内源激素含量与产量和氮利用效率的关系。【结果】1）在相同施氮水平下，与LX-3相比，T-43产量、氮肥偏生产力、细分枝根根长密度（FRLD）、地上部干物质量、根系生长素（IAA）、玉米素和玉米素核苷（Z+ZR）分别显著提高11.4~18.9%、11.3~13.5%、11.6~15.7%、9.9~31.1%、6.1~48.1%、22.8~73.6%，而根冠比、根系脱落酸（ABA）显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与N0相比，施氮显著增加了水稻根系形态指标和内源激素含量（P<0.05），N2下2品种产量、根长密度（RLD）、表面积密度（SAD）、体积密度（RVD）、根系内源激素（IAA、Z+ZR）显著提高61.6~71.6%、64.2~74.0%、69.9~105.6%、6.67~9.91%、54.0~67.8%、51.4~58.9%；与N3相比，N2下氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率提高52.3~62.4%和39.2~63.0%。3）根系性状可塑性对氮环境的响应品种差异显著（P<0.05），相比LX-3，T-43表现出更高的根长和更大的比表面积，是适应养分环境变化的一种策略。【结论】氮高效品种通过增加细分枝根根长密度、上层根系分布和根系内源激素（IAA、Z+ZR），优化根冠比，并通过根系塑性表现出更高的养分资源获取策略，进而实现产量和氮利用效率的提高。

Abstract:

The responses of drip-irrigated rice physiological traits to water and fertilizers have been widely studied.  However, the responses of yield, root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in different nitrogen-efficient cultivars are not fully understood.  An experiment was conducted from 2020–2022 with a high nitrogen use efficiency (high-NUE) cultivar (T-43) and a low-NUE cultivar (LX-3), and four nitrogen levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha–1) under drip irrigation in large fields.  The aim was to study the relationships between root morphology, conformation, biomass, and endogenous hormone contents, yield and NUE.  The results showed three main points: 1) Under the same N application rate, compared with LX-3, the yield, N partial factor productivity (PFP), fine root length density (FRLD), shoot dry weight (SDW), root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and root zeatin and zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) of T-43 were significantly greater by 11.4–18.9, 11.3–13.5, 11.6–15.7, 9.9–31.1, 6.1–48.1, and 22.8–73.6%, respectively, while the root–shoot ratio (RSR) and root abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly lower (P<0.05); 2) nitrogen treatment significantly increased the rice root morphological indexes and endogenous hormone contents (P<0.05).  Compared to N0, the yield, RLD, surface area density (SAD), root volume density (RVD), and root endogenous hormones (IAA, Z+ZR) were significantly increased in both cultivars under N2 by 61.6–71.6, 64.2–74.0, 69.9–105.6, 6.67–9.91, 54.0–67.8, and 51.4–58.9%, respectively.  Compared with N3, the PFP and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of nitrogen fertilizer under N2 increased by 52.3–62.4 and 39.2–63.0%, respectively; 3) the responses of root trait plasticity to the N environment significantly differed between the cultivars (P<0.05).  Compared with LX-3, T-43 showed a longer root length and larger specific surface area, which is a strategy for adapting to changes in the nutrient environment.  For the rice cultivar with high-NUE, the RSR was optimized by increasing the FRLD, root distribution in upper soil layers, and root endogenous hormones (IAA, Z+ZR) under suitable nitrogen conditions (N2).  An efficient nutrient acquisition strategy can occur through root plasticity, leading to greater yield and NUE.

Key words: drip irrigation rice , nitrogen environment ,  root traits ,  plasticity ,  yield ,  nitrogen use efficiency