低酚棉粕饲粮补充丝氨酸通过调控卵黏蛋白合成和蛋鸡膨大部生理功能，改善蛋清的凝胶和流变特性

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.020

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 1152-1166.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.020

低酚棉粕饲粮补充丝氨酸通过调控卵黏蛋白合成和蛋鸡膨大部生理功能，改善蛋清的凝胶和流变特性

收稿日期:2023-03-24 接受日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Supplementation of serine in low-gossypol cottonseed meal-based diet improved egg white gelling and rheological properties by regulating ovomucin synthesis and magnum physiological function in laying hens

Jianmin Zhou*, Yu Fu*, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Jing Wang, Haijun Zhang, Xiubo Li, Guanghai Qi, Shugeng Wu^#

Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs/Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2023-03-24 Accepted:2023-07-07 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-02-28
About author:Jianmin Zhou, E-mail: zhoujianmin@caas.cn, Yu Fu, E-mail: fuuuuyu@163.com, #Correspondence Shugeng Wu, Tel: 86-10-82106097, E-mail: wushugeng@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072774), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733822), the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System (BAIC04), China, the earmarked fund for CARS-National System for Layer Production Technology, China (CARS-40), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究低酚棉粕型蛋鸡饲粮补充丝氨酸对蛋清品质和蛋清卵黏蛋白成分的影响，并探究其潜在的调控机制。选取288只35周龄健康海兰褐产蛋鸡，随机分为3个组，每组8个重复，每重复12只鸡。各处理组蛋鸡分别饲喂豆粕型饲粮、低酚棉粕型饲粮和补充0.435%丝氨酸的低酚棉粕型饲粮。（结果）试验结果表明：饲粮补充丝氨酸阻止了低酚棉粕引起的蛋清品质（即浓蛋清比例（P<0.05）、浓蛋清/稀蛋清（P<0.05）、蛋白高度（P<0.05）、哈氏单位（P<0.05）和蛋清表观黏度）下降。同时，饲粮添加丝氨酸缓解了低酚棉粕造成的蛋清卵黏蛋白含量降低（P<0.05）。卵黏蛋白的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示，饲喂豆粕型和低酚棉粕型饲粮蛋鸡的蛋清卵黏蛋白在1200~800 cm^-1波长范围内（糖苷类化合物特征频率区）的二阶导数图谱存在明显差异，且低酚棉粕降低了卵黏蛋白的α-螺旋比例（P<0.05），而补充丝氨酸后α-螺旋比例显著回升（P<0.05）。此外，饲粮添加丝氨酸显著上调了产蛋后2 h和7.5 h蛋鸡输卵管膨大部黏膜的β-卵黏蛋白基因表达（P<0.05），缓解了低酚棉粕诱导的膨大部上皮损伤，增加了杯状细胞计数（P<0.05），并显著上调了膨大部黏膜闭合蛋白、粘蛋白2和O-糖基化相关糖基转移酶的基因表达（P<0.05）。综合而言，饲粮添加丝氨酸可缓解低酚棉粕所致的蛋清品质下降，可能与其调节卵黏蛋白的合成有关。这种调节作用同时发生在β-卵黏蛋白的转录和转录后的O-糖基化修饰阶段，而丝氨酸对膨大部形态和屏障功能的改善也可能对卵黏蛋白的产生起到部分作用。本试验从蛋清蛋白合成调控的角度，为营养干预改善蛋鸡蛋清品质提供了新的思路。

Abstract:

This study examined the effect of dietary serine (Ser) on egg white quality, ovomucin content of laying hens fed low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM)-based diet and sought to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying the effects. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned into 3 treatments and respectively offered soybean meal (SBM)-based diet, LCSM-based diet, and LCSM-based diet supplemented with 0.435% L-Ser. Dietary Ser supplementation reversed the decrease in quality indices of albumen, including the proportion of thick albumen (P<0.05), thick-to-thin ratio (P<0.05), albumen height (P<0.05), Haugh unit (P<0.05), and apparent viscosity that were caused by LCSM intake. Also, dietary Ser supplementation mitigated the LCSM-induced reduction in ovomucin content of the albumen (P<0.05). FT-IR analysis of ovomucin revealed differences in second derivative spectra at 1,200–800 cm^–1 between birds received SBM- and LCSM-based diets, meanwhile, the α-helix of ovomucin was decreased by LCSM but increased by Ser addition (P<0.05). Furthermore, Ser addition up-regulated the mRNA expression of β-ovomucin in magnum mucosa at 2 and 7.5 h post-oviposition (P<0.05). Ser mitigated the LCSM-induced impairment of magnum epithelium, increased goblet cell counts (P<0.05), and up-regulated the expression of occludin, mucin 2, and the relevant glycosyltransferases for O-glycosylation in magnum mucosa (P<0.05). Conclusively, the alleviating effect of Ser on declining albumen quality due to dietary LCSM, could be explained by the efficacy of Ser in regulating ovomucin synthesis. This regulation occurred at the levels of transcription and post-transcriptional O-glycosylation modification of β-ovomucin, while positive effect on magnum morphology and barrier function could also in part account for the ovomucin content. This would provide a promising research direction on the adoption of nutritional interventions for manipulation of egg white quality from perspectives of albumen protein synthesis.

Key words: egg white quality , low-gossypol cotton , seed meal , laying hen , ovomucin , serine

Jianmin Zhou, Yu Fu, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Jing Wang, Haijun Zhang, Xiubo Li, Guanghai Qi, Shugeng Wu. 低酚棉粕饲粮补充丝氨酸通过调控卵黏蛋白合成和蛋鸡膨大部生理功能，改善蛋清的凝胶和流变特性[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 1152-1166.

Jianmin Zhou, Yu Fu, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Jing Wang, Haijun Zhang, Xiubo Li, Guanghai Qi, Shugeng Wu. Supplementation of serine in low-gossypol cottonseed meal-based diet improved egg white gelling and rheological properties by regulating ovomucin synthesis and magnum physiological function in laying hens[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 1152-1166.

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低酚棉粕饲粮补充丝氨酸通过调控卵黏蛋白合成和蛋鸡膨大部生理功能，改善蛋清的凝胶和流变特性

Supplementation of serine in low-gossypol cottonseed meal-based diet improved egg white gelling and rheological properties by regulating ovomucin synthesis and magnum physiological function in laying hens

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