一个抗赤霉病小麦品种中基础防卫增强的证据

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由禾谷镰刀菌等真菌引起的赤霉病是最具破坏性的小麦病害之一。该病害除了直接影响小麦产量外，发病籽粒中残留的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON毒素）也极大地威胁着人畜健康。西农979是一个广泛栽培的优质高产小麦品种，对赤霉病表现为中抗。然而，其抗赤霉病的机制尚不清楚。为了探究西农979对赤霉病的抗性机制，我们以同样具有小偃6谱系的高感赤霉病品种小偃22为对照，对二者进行了比较转录组学分析和实验验证。我们发现西农979对赤霉病的抗性由两道防线组成。第一道防线是组成型的，在没有感染病原菌的情况下，西农979中木质素和茉莉酸合成通路等基础防卫基因的表达增强。第二道防线是受病原菌诱导的，在禾谷镰刀菌侵染时，尽管西农979和小偃22的光合作用和生物胁迫反应均受到一定程度的抑制，但西农979中二者的抑制更弱。此外，对互作过程中真菌基因的表达分析结果表明，在侵染早期，西农979基础防卫的增强导致禾谷镰刀菌侵染相关的碳水化合物活性酶(CAZY)基因、效应子（CSEP）基因和次生代谢（SM）基因（包括DON毒素合成基因）的表达受到了一定程度的抑制。这些结果为抗赤霉病小麦品种西农979中基础防卫的增强提供了直接证据。西农979对赤霉病的抗性形成可能与育种策略相关，例如抗倒伏性状的选择可能导致了木质素合成基因基础表达的增强，而高产量性状的选择可能导致了逆境下光系统基因表达的增强。该研究将有助于我们进一步了解小麦-禾谷镰刀菌互作机制，并为赤霉病抗病育种提供了新的见解。

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Besides directly affecting the yield, the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock. Xinong 979 (XN979) is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance. However, its resistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics. We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense. The first line of defense, which is constitutive, is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes. The second line of defense, which is induced upon F. graminearum infection, is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes. Meanwhile, the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression, especially in the early infection stage. The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies, such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits. This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat–F. graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.

Key words: Fusarium head blight , Xinong 979 , lignin , jasmonic acid , photosynthesis , Fusarium graminearum

. 一个抗赤霉病小麦品种中基础防卫增强的证据[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1238-1258.

Xinlong Gao, Fan Li, Yikun Sun, Jiaqi Jiang, Xiaolin Tian, Qingwen Li, Kaili Duan, Jie Lin, Huiquan Liu, Qinhu Wang.

Basal defense is enhanced in a wheat cultivar resistant to Fusarium head blight [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1238-1258.

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