光照强度对橘小实蝇性行为的调控作用

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

橘小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)）是柑橘类水果的毁灭性虫害。雌虫在成功交配后将卵产入成熟果实，导致其发霉腐烂失去经济价值，从而严重危害柑橘产业。自然条件下的橘小实蝇交配时间发生于黄昏时段，此时下降的光照强度是诱发其交配的关键条件。本研究首先通过设置0-30000lux共10种光照强度，从而确定何种光强能够明显调控橘小实蝇的交配行为。进一步选择了三种明显调控其行为的光照强度，测试了这些光照强度对雄虫求偶（振翅）及雌虫对性信息素2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine TMP)趋向性的影响。最后，在实验室中将强光和黑暗条件人工组合，测试其是否可以阻止橘小实蝇的交配，以期待为未来橘小实蝇的行为调控提供理论基础。结果表明，橘小实蝇成虫能在较低光照（<1000lux）正常交配，光强越强其交配数量越低，在光强达到20000lux以上时几乎无交配。较强光强明显减弱并推迟了雄虫的振翅行为与雌虫对TMP的趋向行为，不同的是雄虫在10000lux下仍有一定程度的振翅，而雌虫在此光强下对TMP几乎无趋向行为。成虫在无光情况下无交配行为，在此过程中雄虫无振翅行为而雌虫则对TMP失去趋向行为。进一步模拟不利光照条件，在强光10000lux一小时后持续无光，橘小实蝇成虫不进行交配。因此，光照条件是对橘小实蝇求偶交配的重要条件，未来可通过人工改变光强或其他手段干扰橘小实蝇成虫感弱光的分子靶标调控其求偶交配行为，从而开发新型绿色的橘小实蝇防控技术。

Abstract:

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a devastating pest of citrus fruits. After successful mating, adult females insert their eggs into the ripened fruit, resulting in moldy and rotten fruit and causing great economic losses for the citrus industry. In the field, flies initiate copulatory behaviors as twilight approaches, and decreasing light intensity in this period is the normal stimulus for copulation. In this study, ten light intensities ranging from 0–30 000 lux were set to identify the typical intensity that strongly regulates the copulation behavior of B. dorsalis. Three light intensities found to regulate the copulation behavior were then selected to verify their effects on adult male wing fanning and female chemotaxis towards 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (TMP). At last, strong light and complete darkness were artificially combined in the lab to verify whether they could prevent copulation to inform behavioral manipulation of oriental flies in the future. The results indicated that adult flies generally initiated copulatory behaviors at low light intensity (<1 000 lux).
Stronger light significantly prevented copulation in proportion to intensity, with nearly no copulation events initiated when light intensity was above 20 000 lux. Both male wing fanning and female chemotaxis towards TMP were attenuated as light intensity became stronger. However, at 10 000 lux, males still fanned their wings to a certain extent while TMP completely lost its attractiveness to females. In the darkness, adults did not initiate any sexual behaviors, e.g., copulation, wing fanning, or chemotaxis to TMP. One hour of strong light (10 000 lux) combined with continuous darkness completely prevented mating. These results show that light condition is an essential factor for copulatory behaviors in the oriental fruit fly. Researchers could thus manipulate light conditions artificially or disrupt the molecular target in flies’ light transduction pathway to develop environmentally-friendly techniques to control this pest.

Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis , light conditions , courtship and mating , 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine

REN Cong, ZHANG Jie, YUAN Jin-xi, WU Yun-qi-qi-ge, YAN Shan-chun, LIU Wei, WANG Gui-rong. 光照强度对橘小实蝇性行为的调控作用[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2772-2782.

REN Cong, ZHANG Jie, YUAN Jin-xi, WU Yun-qi-qi-ge, YAN Shan-chun, LIU Wei, WANG Gui-rong. Light intensity regulates the sexual behaviors of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis under laboratory conditions[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2772-2782.

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