水分缓解玉米灌浆期高温对光合作用影响的田间研究

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过灌溉提高土壤含水量（SWC）是一种潜在、有效的缓解高温胁迫的调控措施。在提高土壤含水量缓解高温影响的过程中，田间条件下基于叶绿素荧光的光合特性响应受到了有限的关注。本研究在华北平原开展了2年田间试验（2019-2020年），以郑单958（ZD958）和先玉335（XY335）为材料，在灌浆期设置三个试验处理（正常生长条件（CK）、大田升温（H）和大田升温+水分调控（HW）），研究田间高温对玉米冠层光合的影响及水分调控效应。与H处理相比，HW处理下冠层温度降低1-3℃，净光合速率（P_n）提高20%。此外，HW处理显著提高了两个品种的实际光合速率（Phi2）、线性电子流（LEF）、可变荧光（F_v）和最大光能转换效率（F_v/F_m）。同时，发现两个品种对叶绿素荧光的响应存在差异。HW处理显著提高了ZD958的类囊体质子电导率（gH⁺）和最大荧光（F_m），提高了XY335的叶绿体ATP合酶质子电导率（vH⁺）和最小荧光（F₀）。结构方程分析进一步表明，土壤水分含量与P_n、LEF和F_v/F_m呈显著正相关。提高土壤水分含量可通过延缓叶片衰老，延长光合作用有效时间，改善Phi2、LEF、F_v和F_v/F_m，提高叶片光合能力。综合本研究结果表明，提高SWC以增强灌浆期叶片光合作用，是玉米生产中适应气候变暖的一项重要技术措施。

Abstract:

Elevating soil water content (SWC) through irrigation was one of the simple mitigation measures to improve crop resilience to heat stress. The response of leaf function, such as photosynthetic capacity based on chlorophyll fluorescence during the mitigation, has received limited attention, especially in field conditions. A two-year field experiment with three treatments (control treatment (CK), high-temperature treatment (H), and high-temperature together with elevating SWC treatment (HW)) was carried out during grain filling with two maize hybrids at a typical station in North China Plain. Averagely, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) was improved by 20%, and the canopy temperature decreased by 1–3°C in HW compared with in H in both years. Furthermore, the higher SWC in HW significantly improved the actual photosynthetic rate (Phi2), linear electron flow (LEF), variable fluorescence (F_v), and the maximal potential quantum efficiency (F_v/F_m) for both hybrids. Meanwhile, different responses in chlorophyll fluorescence between hybrids were also observed. The higher SWC in HW significantly improved thylakoid proton conductivity (gH⁺) and the maximal fluorescence (F_m) for the hybrid ZD958. For the hybrid XY335, the proton conductivity of chloroplast ATP synthase (vH⁺) and the minimal fluorescence (F_o) was increased by the SWC. The structural equation model (SEM) further showed that SWC had significantly positive relationships with P_n, LEF, and F_v/F_m. The elevating SWC alleviated heat stress with the delayed leaf senescence to prolong the effective period of photosynthesis and enhanced leaf photosynthetic capacity by improving Phi2, LEF, F_v, and F_v/F_m. This research demonstrates that elevating SWC through enhancing leaf photosynthesis during grain filling would be an important mitigation strategy for adapting to the warming climate in maize production.

Key words: high temperature , soil water content , photosynthesis , chlorophyll fluorescence , maize

WANG Xing-long, ZHU Yu-peng, YAN Ye, HOU Jia-min, WANG Hai-jiang, LUO Ning, WEI Dan, MENG Qing-feng, WANG Pu. 水分缓解玉米灌浆期高温对光合作用影响的田间研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(8): 2370-2383.

WANG Xing-long, ZHU Yu-peng, YAN Ye, HOU Jia-min, WANG Hai-jiang, LUO Ning, WEI Dan, MENG Qing-feng, WANG Pu. Irrigation mitigates the heat impacts on photosynthesis during grain filling in maize [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(8): 2370-2383.

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