Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 1203-1214.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63787-5

所属专题： 农业经济与管理合辑Agricultural Economics and Management

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-02 接受日期:2021-06-25 出版日期:2022-04-01 发布日期:2021-06-25

Sustainability of the rice–crayfish farming model in waterlogged land: A case study in Qianjiang County, Hubei Province, China

YUAN Peng-li1, WANG Jin-ping1, 2, GUO Can1, GUO Zi-yuan2, GUO Yao1, CAO Cou-gui1, 2   

  1. 1 Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China 
    2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P.R.China
  • Received:2021-02-02 Accepted:2021-06-25 Online:2022-04-01 Published:2021-06-25
  • About author:Correspondence CAO Cou-gui, E-mail: ccgui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301400) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (266620202KPY014).

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摘要：

近年来，稻虾共作模式得到了迅速发展，在中国成为一种经济上可行的食品供应方式，然而其环境和经济可持续性还未彻底探明。本研究利用在湖北潜江市进行的2016年的调查试验和2017年的田间试验，评估涝渍田地区稻麦轮作模式（RW）、稻虾共作模式（RC）和小龙虾单养（CM）模式的相对经济性。田间调查表明，RC模型的效益成本比（3.5:1）高于RW（2.0:1）和CM（3.1:1）模式，保护了农民在恶劣天气环境条件下的粮食生产积极性。田间试验旨在探讨RC模式的田间氮肥管理策略，以RW稻田为对照，在稻虾共作2年（RC2）和稻虾共作8年（RC8），三个田块设置0 N、5 N、10 N和15 N 4个水平的氮肥施用梯度。田间试验结果表明，RW、RC2和RC8田块分别在施用15 N、10 N和5 N时水稻产量达到峰值。在RC2和RC8田块中，小龙虾未利用的剩余饲料氮被水稻利用。因此，为提高氮肥利用效率和减少氮肥对环境的污染，提出了RC田适宜施氮量。相比于RW和CM处理，RC的农户稻田施氮量最少却获得最高的净收益。可持续发展综合农业技术（即合理的稻田配置）是有效维持水稻生产的必要条件。结果表明，RC耕作模式对涝渍田地区的稻农来说是一种可行的多样化选择。


Abstract: The rice–crayfish farming model has been rapidly developed and become an economically viable method to supply food in China in recent years.  However, its environmental and economic sustainability has not been thoroughly investigated.  This study uses a survey in 2016 and a field experiment in 2017 in Qianjiang, Hubei Province, China to assess the relative economics of concurrent rice–wheat (RW), rice–crayfish (RC), and crayfish monoculture (CM) models in waterlogged land areas.  The field survey indicated that the RC model had a higher benefit–cost ratio (3.5:1) than the RW (2.0:1) and CM (3.1:1) models and the RC model protected farmers’ enthusiasm for grain production facing unfavourable weather conditions.  The field experiment aimed to explore nitrogen management strategies in RC fields.  In the experiment, four levels of nitrogen concentration gradient - 0 kg N ha–1 (0 N), 75 kg N ha–1 (75 N), 150 kg N ha–1 (150 N) and 225 kg N ha–1 (225 N), were set in a 2-year-old rice–crayfish (RC2) field, an 8-year-old rice–crayfish (RC8) field, and a RW field as a control.  The field experiment results suggested that the peak  rice yield in RW, RC2, and RC8 occurred when 225 N, 150 N and 75 N were used, respectively.  In RC2 and RC8, however, residual feed-nitrogen that was not used by crayfish was utilized by rice plants.  Thus, an optimal amount of nitrogen in RC fields was proposed to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen fertilizer.  Farmers use less nitrogen but have higher net income in RC than in RW and CM.  It is necessary to sustainably develop integrated farming technologies (i.e., proper field configurations for rice fields) to effectively sustain rice production.  The results also showed that the RC farming model was a viable diversification option for rice farmers in waterlogged land.  

Key words: rice–crayfish , benefit–cost ratio ,  lodging ,  nitrogen application