中国西南玉米生长期黄壤坡耕地两种耕作措施下径流氮素流失特征比较研究

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63496-7

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

坡耕地氮素流失是农业面源污染的重要原因之一，严重影响着水环境。本研究以顺坡垄作、横坡垄作坡面为研究对象，通过两年(2017-2018年)野外定外观测，开展玉米生长期黄壤坡耕地地表径流、壤中流及其氮素流失特征。研究结果表明：随着降雨量的增加，地表径流量和壤中流量也随之增加。顺坡垄作的地表径流量和氮素流失量均显著高于横坡垄作；横坡垄作0 -20 cm和20 -40 cm壤中流量和氮素流失量均显著高于顺坡垄作。地表径流的总氮流失量占径流总氮流失的54.95 -81.25%，因此，我们推断地表径流是研究区氮素流失的主要途径。不同耕作措施下可溶性总氮是氮素流失的主要形式，其流失量占氮素流失量的55.82-94.41%，而可溶性有机氮占可溶性总氮流失量的52.81-87.06%。因此，我们推断可溶性氮为研究区氮素流失的主要形式。应在玉米苗期，进一步开展氮素流失防控方面研究，以减少通过径流途径铵态氮流失造成的环境污染。

Abstract: The loss of N in farmland is an important cause of agricultural non-point source pollution, which seriously impacts the aquatic environment. A two-year (2017–2018) experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of runoff and N losses under different tillage practices. Taking downslope ridge planting and cross ridge planting as the experimental treatments, the characteristics of surface runoff, interflow, and N losses in sloping farmlands with yellow soil were studied throughout the maize growth period. As the rainfall increased, the surface runoff and interflow also increased. The surface runoff and N losses in the surface runoff of downslope ridge planting were significantly higher than those of cross ridge planting. The interflow volumes and N losses in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers of the cross ridge planting were significantly higher than those of the downslope ridge planting. The total N (TN) losses from surface runoff accounted for 54.95–81.25% of the N losses from all pathways. Therefore, we inferred that surface runoff is the main pathway of N losses. Dissolved total N (DTN) was the main form of N loss under different tillage measures, as it accounted for 55.82–94.41% of the TN losses, and dissolved organic N accounted for 52.81–87.06% of the DTN losses. Thus, we inferred that dissolved N is the main form of N loss. Future research must focus on the prevention and control of the N losses during the maize seedling stage to reduce the environmental pollution caused by ammonium N through runoff.

Key words: nitrogen losses , surface runoff , interflow , maize growth stages , tillage measures

. 中国西南玉米生长期黄壤坡耕地两种耕作措施下径流氮素流失特征比较研究 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 222-234.

HE Shu-qin, MA Rui, WANG Na-na, WANG Shuang, LI Ting-xuan, ZHENG Zi-cheng. Comparison of nitrogen losses by runoff from two different cultivating patterns in sloping farmland with yellow soil during maize growth in Southwest China [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 222-234.

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