Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63229-4

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究机插条件下不同水稻品种倒伏差异的主要因素及其对氮肥的响应，2017年和2018年在江苏丹阳（长江中下游代表性区域）开展了两年重复的田间试验，以22个杂交籼稻、22个常规粳稻以及2个籼粳杂交稻3种类型水稻为材料，设置3个氮肥水平(0、150、300 kg ha^-1)，采用毯苗机插的移栽方式，从倒伏相关的力学指标、形态学指标以及物质转运等方面进行系统研究。不同类型水稻产量的差异表现为常规粳稻<杂交籼稻<籼粳杂交稻。杂交稻（杂交籼稻、籼粳杂交稻）的倒伏指数(LI)高于常规粳稻源于其较高的株高，籼粳杂交稻较低的茎鞘物质表观输出率导致其LI显著低于杂交籼稻。杂交籼稻品种间倒伏指数较大的差异主要来源于茎鞘物质表观输出率，株型紧凑的品种茎鞘物质表观输出率低，因而具有较强的抗倒伏能力；常规粳稻品种间的差异则是由断面模数(Z)即茎粗造成的。籼粳杂交稻或常规粳稻的倒伏指数在氮肥处理间的变异相对较小，高氮水平下均没有发生倒伏，这是由于其叶倾角较小且在高氮条件下变化不大；而杂交籼稻不同品种LI和倒伏率对氮肥的响应存在较大的差异，株型紧凑的品种耐高氮。因而，紧凑株型品种适宜作为机插条件下的抗倒耐氮型品种。

Abstract:

To identify the major factors that contribute to the difference in lodging among different rice varieties under machine transplanting and their responses to nitrogen (N), field experiments were conducted at Danyang County (a representative eco-site of the Lower Yangtze River) in Jiangsu Province, China in 2017 and 2018, 22 hybrid indica varieties (HIs), 22 inbred japonica varieties (IJs) and two indica japonica hybrid varieties (IJHs) were transplanted by machine with three N rates (N0, N150 and N300, 0, 150 and 300 kg ha^–1, respectively). Lodging-related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and apparent transport rates of dry matter were examined. Significant difference in yield was observed among different types of rice, and followed by IJs<HIs<IJHs. The average lodging index (LI) of hybrid varieties (HIs and IJHs) was higher than that of the inbred varieties (IJs) with higher plant height; moreover, lower apparent export rate of dry matter resulted lower LI in IJHs than in HIs. The HIs had a large difference in the LI, which came from the difference in bending stress (BS) induced by the difference in the apparent export rate of dry matter, varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves possess strong lodging resistance capacity; however, the gap among the IJs was due to the difference in the cross section modulus (Z). The LI in the IJs or IJHs increased slightly with the increased N application, and there was no lodging incidence under the high N level, which was due to the low leaf angle and barely changed under high N; there was a significant interaction between varieties (HIs) and N rates in lodging rate and LI, varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves were resistant to high N. These results suggest that compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance at machine-transplanting method.

Key words: machine transplanted rice , lodging resistance , nitrogen , apparent export rate of dry matter

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(1): 65-77.

DING Chao, LUO Xi-kun, WU Qiong, LU Bo, DING Yan-feng, WANG Shao-hua, LI Gang-hua. Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(1): 65-77.

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