The effect of elevating temperature on the growth and development of reproductive organs and yield of summer maize

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63304-4

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相对其它作物，玉米生产虽然需要较高的温度，但35℃以上高温不利于玉米产量的形成。在华北平原地区，≥35℃ 的温度在夏玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段普遍发生，并对玉米产量的形成造成不可逆的伤害。因此，本文研究了9叶期至抽雄期增温对夏玉米产量形成过程的影响。结果表明，持续增温导致了花丝的伸长速率和活力下降、开花吐丝间隔期增加、果穗顶端穗粒数减少，最终影响了产量。尽管抽雄前持续增温破坏了雄花序中花药的结构，花粉活力因此降低，散粉推迟和散粉时间缩短。但是，从表型、生理层面分析，此时期的持续增温可能对雌穗的生长发育影响更加显著。总之，在玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段，持续增温导致雌雄穗生长受阻，最终引起果穗秃尖和产量的大幅度降低。

Abstract:

Compared to other crops, maize production demands relatively high temperatures. However, temperatures exceeding 35°C lead to adverse effects on maize yield. High temperatures (≥35°C) are consistently experienced by summer maize during its reproductive growth stage in the North China Plain, which is likely to cause irreversible crop damage. This study investigated the effects of elevating temperature (ET) treatment on the yield component of summer maize, beginning at the 9th unfolding leaf stage and ending at the tasseling stage. Results demonstrated that continuous ET led to a decrease in the elongation rate and activity of silks and an elongated interval between anthesis and silking stages, and eventually decreased grain number at ear tip and reduced yield. Although continuous ET before tasseling damaged the anther structure, reduced pollen activity, delayed the start of the pollen shedding stage, and shortened the pollen shedding time, it was inferred, based on phenotypical and physiological traits, that continuous ET after the 9th unfolding leaf stage influenced ears and therefore may have more significant impacts. Overall, when maize plants were exposed to ET treatment in the ear reproductive development stage, the growth of ears and tassels was blocked, which increased the occurrence of barren ear tips and led to large yield losses.

Key words: summer maize , North China Plain , elevating temperatures , reproductive stage , barren ear tip , yield

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(7): 1783-1795.

SHAO Rui-xin, YU Kang-ke, LI Hong-wei, JIA Shuang-jie, YANG Qing-hua, ZHAO Xia, ZHAO Ya-li, LIU Tian-xu. The effect of elevating temperature on the growth and development of reproductive organs and yield of summer maize[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(7): 1783-1795.

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