耕作和秸秆管理对土壤镉生物有效性和水稻镉吸收的影响：一项长期大田试验研究

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.04.011

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 3184-3193.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.04.011

耕作和秸秆管理对土壤镉生物有效性和水稻镉吸收的影响：一项长期大田试验研究

收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-04-04 接受日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-07-08

Impact of tillage and straw management on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in rice: A long-term field study

Shuai Yuan¹, Pingping Chen¹, Songyuan Guo¹, Wenxin Zhou², Kaikai Cheng¹^,³, Hongmei Liu¹, Xiaoping Xiao³, Haiming Tang^3#, Zhenxie Yi^1#

¹College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
²College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
³Agricultural Soil and Eco-Environment, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-04-04 Accepted:2025-03-03 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-07-08
About author:#Correspondence Haiming Tang, E-mail: tanghaiming66@163.com; Zhenxie Yi, E-mail: yizhenxie@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD2301400) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2022JJ30303 and 2023JJ60227).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤耕作会改变土壤与水稻秸秆之间的相互作用，从而影响土壤质量和镉（Cd）动态变化。然而，土壤耕作与水稻秸秆管理对土壤Cd积累和水稻Cd吸收的影响尚不明确。本研究探讨了耕作与秸秆方式如何通过改变土壤Cd迁移和生物有效性来影响水稻Cd吸收。设置了长期田间定位试验，包含四种处理：免耕+秸秆还田（NTS）、旋耕+秸秆还田（RTS）、翻耕+秸秆还田（PTS）和翻耕+秸秆不还田（PT）。结果表明，不同耕作方式下水稻各器官（根、茎、叶和稻米）Cd含量表现为NTS>RTS>PTS，其中仅有PTS处理稻米Cd含量低于0.2 mg kg⁻¹。PTS处理稻米平均Cd含量较NTS和RTS处理分别显著降低了56.76%和25.88%。偏最小二乘路径模型显示，土壤有效Cd（Avail-Cd）和弱酸可提取态Cd（Aci-Cd）的降低以及水稻根表铁膜（IP）的形成，是减少稻米Cd含量的关键因素。PTS处理通过降低土壤容重，提升土壤有机质含量、pH值和Nitrospirota和Bacteroidota菌门的相对丰度，使得土壤Avail-Cd和Aci-Cd含量降低。此外，PTS处理通过提高土壤养分和Fe²⁺含量、改善水稻根系形态、增强根系抗氧化活性促进水稻IP的形成，从而抑制水稻Cd吸收。尽管PTS处理较PT处理增加了土壤总Cd和Avail-Cd含量，但因其促进IP形成而有效降低了水稻对Cd的吸收，最终两者间稻米Cd含量没有差异。因此，长期实施翻耕结合秸秆还田是稻作系统中既能提高土壤质量，又能有效降低水稻Cd吸收的有效措施。

Abstract:

Tillage practices alter the interaction between soil and rice straw, impacting soil quality and cadmium (Cd) dynamics. However, the effects of tillage and straw management strategies on soil Cd accumulation and rice uptake remain unclear. This study investigated how tillage and straw practices influence rice Cd uptake by altering soil Cd mobility and bioavailability. A long-term field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no-tillage with straw return on the soil surface (NTS), rotary tillage with straw incorporation (RTS), plow tillage with straw incorporation (PTS), and plow tillage with straw removed (PT). Results showed that Cd concentrations in rice organs (root, stem, leaf, and rice grain) decreased in the order NTS>RTS>PTS, with only PTS maintaining grain Cd levels below 0.2 mg kg^–1. Compared with NTS and RTS, the average Cd concentrations in rice grain under PTS were significantly reduced by 56.76 and 25.88%, respectively. A partial least squares path model indicated that reductions in available Cd (Avail-Cd) and acid-soluble Cd (Aci-Cd), combined with iron plaque (IP) formation on the roots, were key factors in lowering rice Cd levels. PTS reduced Avail-Cd and Aci-Cd by decreasing soil bulk density, increasing soil organic matter, pH, and the abundances of Nitrospirota and Bacteroidota. Moreover, PTS enhanced soil nutrient and Fe²⁺ levels, promoted IP formation on rice roots through improved root morphology and antioxidant activity, and limited Cd uptake. Although PTS increased total and available soil Cd compared to PT, its promotion of IP formation mitigated rice Cd uptake, resulting in comparable grain Cd concentrations between the two. Thus, long-term plow tillage with straw incorporation emerges as a sustainable practice to enhance soil quality and reduce Cd uptake in the rice cropping system.

Key words: tillage practices , straw return , rice , cadmium , iron plaque

Shuai Yuan, Pingping Chen, Songyuan Guo, Wenxin Zhou, Kaikai Cheng, Hongmei Liu, Xiaoping Xiao, Haiming Tang, Zhenxie Yi. 耕作和秸秆管理对土壤镉生物有效性和水稻镉吸收的影响：一项长期大田试验研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(8): 3184-3193.

Shuai Yuan, Pingping Chen, Songyuan Guo, Wenxin Zhou, Kaikai Cheng, Hongmei Liu, Xiaoping Xiao, Haiming Tang, Zhenxie Yi. Impact of tillage and straw management on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in rice: A long-term field study[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(8): 3184-3193.

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耕作和秸秆管理对土壤镉生物有效性和水稻镉吸收的影响：一项长期大田试验研究

Impact of tillage and straw management on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in rice: A long-term field study

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