Elucidating the mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi inhibition using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive analysis of biophysical and molecular interactions

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.010

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 1544-1555.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.010

收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-07-09 接受日期:2024-04-28 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-03-11

Elucidating the mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi inhibition using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive analysis of biophysical and molecular interactions

Sadia Manzoor^1#, Asma Irshad², Saira Azam³, Ijaz Ali⁷, Ayesha Latif³, Abdul Qayyum Rao³, Samina Hassan⁴, Ahmad Ali Shahid³, Muhammad Danish Ali^{5, 6#}, Ameni Brahmia⁸

¹ Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore 53700, Pakistan
² School of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
³ Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore 53700, Pakistan
⁴ Department of Botany, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
⁵ Institute of Physics Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8A, Katowice 40-019, Poland
⁶ PhD School, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
⁷ Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
⁸ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia

Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-07-09 Accepted:2024-04-28 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-03-11
About author:Sadia Manzoor, E-mail: smnsnny@gmail.com; #Correspondence Muhammad Danish Ali, E-mail: muali@polsl.pl, Danishmsc15@gmail.com
Supported by:
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, for funding this work through a research group under grant number R.G.P-2/102/45.

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The study explores the antifungal properties of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi, revealing a concentration-dependent impact, with the lowest concentration suppressing mycelial development. The peaks at 2θ°=7.92° and 25.85° reveal the presence of MWCNTs. Furthermore, the bonding extremes at 3,194 and 2,441 cm^–1 and the peak at 3,573 cm^–1 are hydrogen-bonded. The peak at 3,756 cm^–1 demonstrates the vibration of OH stretching to confirm the functionalization of MWCNTs. MWCNTs at 308 nm show a peak with much higher UV energy. This is because of the different plasmonic vibrations that the free electrons of multi-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit at about 308 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed mycelial structure distortions, revealing inhibitory mechanisms of f-MWCNTs and their interaction with F. oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi, providing insights into their complex behavior. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) showed anti-oxidative properties, indicating potential multifaceted modes of action, as evidenced by 2´,7´-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye testing. The current study analyzed bioactive molecules in F. oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi extracts by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, showing six metabolites having antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties. However, exposure to f-MWCNTs reduced these potent molecule concentrations, highlighting the significant impact of f-MWCNTs on F. oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi biochemical arsenal. This is the first report that checked the antifungal, and antioxidant activity and of a lesser concentration of metabolites produced after the action of f-MWCNTs in F. oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi. This research highlights the potential of f-MWCNTs as antifungal agents, paving the way for innovative strategies in combating fungal pathogens and developing effective treatments.

Key words: carbon nanotubes , antimicrobial Activity , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi , Zeta Potential , XRD , cell membrane

Sadia Manzoor, Asma Irshad, Saira Azam, Ijaz Ali, Ayesha Latif, Abdul Qayyum Rao, Samina Hassan, Ahmad Ali Shahid, Muhammad Danish Ali, Ameni Brahmia. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(4): 1544-1555.

Sadia Manzoor, Asma Irshad, Saira Azam, Ijaz Ali, Ayesha Latif, Abdul Qayyum Rao, Samina Hassan, Ahmad Ali Shahid, Muhammad Danish Ali, Ameni Brahmia. Elucidating the mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi inhibition using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive analysis of biophysical and molecular interactions[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(4): 1544-1555.

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Elucidating the mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi inhibition using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive analysis of biophysical and molecular interactions

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