叶片和根瘤性状的协同响应有助于套作大豆的氮素积累

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米(Zea Mays L.)-大豆(Glycerine Max L.Merr.)套种提供了一种提高土地生产力的方法。然而，晚播大豆受到玉米遮荫的影响。玉米收获后，恢复生长对叶片和根瘤性状的影响尚不清楚。通过为期3年的田间试验，研究了超结瘤大豆(nts1007)、南豆12(ND12)和桂夏3号(GX3)和不同种植模式：种间距45(I45)、60(I60)、75 cm(I75)和单作大豆(SS)对大豆恢复生长和固氮的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，套作通过降低叶片数量(LN)和小叶面积(LUA)降低了大豆总叶面积(LA)，套作降低根瘤数(NN)和根瘤直径(ND)来降低根瘤干重(NW)。相关分析和主成分分析(PCA)表明，叶片和根瘤性状对大豆基因型和作物种植模式互作的响应具有协变性。在恢复生长阶段，补偿生长促进了套作大豆生长，缩小了套作与单作间叶片和根瘤性状的差距。间作下大豆酰脲(RGR_U)和氮素(RGR_N)积累的相对增长速率高于单作。套作处理的蔗糖和淀粉含量显著高于单作。ND12和GX3在套作中表现出比nts1007更强劲的补偿生长。虽然套作大豆恢复生长改善了生物量和氮素积累，但ND12比GX3获得了更显著的偏土地当量比(pLER)。与其他种植模式相比，I60处理对生物量和氮素积累的补偿作用更强。同时，I60的根瘤蔗糖含量高于单作，地上部酰脲和N的积累量也高于单作。最终，ND12与玉米间作60 cm种间距距有利于实现产量优势和氮素积累。

Abstract:

Maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity. However, the late-planted soybean suffers from shading by the maize. After maize harvest, how the recovery growth influences the leaf and nodule traits remains unclear. A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotypes, i.e., supernodulating (nts1007), Nandou 12 (ND12), and Guixia 3 (GX3), and crop configurations, i.e., the interspecific row spacing of 45 (I45), 60 (I60), 75 cm (I75), and sole soybean (SS), on soybean recovery growth and N fixation. The results showed that intercropping reduced the soybean total leaf area (LA) by reducing both the leaf number (LN) and unit leaflet area (LUA), and it reduced the nodule dry weight (NW) by reducing both the nodule number (NN) and nodule diameter (ND) compared with the SS. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a co-variability of the leaf and nodule traits in response to the genotype and crop configuration interactions. During the recovery growth stages, the compensatory growth promoted soybean growth to reduce the gaps of leaf and nodule traits between intercropping and SS. The relative growth rates of ureide (RGR_U) and nitrogen (RGR_N) accumulation were higher in intercropping than in SS. Intercropping achieved more significant sucrose and starch contents compared with SS. ND12 and GX3 showed more robust compensatory growth than nts1007 in intercropping. Although the recovery growth of relay intercropping soybean improved biomass and nitrogen accumulation, ND12 gained a more significant partial land equivalent ratio (pLER) than GX3. The I60 treatment achieved more robust compensation effects on biomass and N accumulation than the other configurations. Meanwhile, I60 showed a higher nodule sucrose content and greater shoot ureide and N accumulation than SS. Finally, intercropping ND12 with maize using an interspecific row spacing of 60 cm was optimal for both yield advantage and N accumulation.

Key words: relay intercropping , genotype , crop configuration , symbiotic nitrogen fixation , soybean , nodule

. 叶片和根瘤性状的协同响应有助于套作大豆的氮素积累[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 1910-1928.

Ping Chen, Qing Du, Benchuan Zheng, Huan Yang, Zhidan Fu, Kai Luo, Ping Lin, Yilin Li, Tian Pu, Taiwen Yong, Wenyu Yang.

Coordinated responses of leaf and nodule traits contribute to the accumulation of N in relay intercropped soybean [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 1910-1928.

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