分次施磷通过促进小穗发育和结实缓解低温对小麦的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着气候变化的加剧，极端低温事件频发重发。在我国黄淮海麦区，拔节孕穗期（药隔期）发生的倒春寒对冬小麦造成了显著的产量损失。为探索一种经济、可行、高效的小麦低温抗性高产栽培技术，本研究以烟农19为试验材料，探讨了分次施磷对药隔期低温处理下小麦抗氧化特性和碳氮代谢生理的影响。处理包括传统施磷和分次施磷，然后在药隔期进行-4℃低温处理和自然温度处理。结果表明，与传统施磷相比，分次施磷提高了叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)，降低了叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)。同时，分次施磷处理提高了小麦幼穗碳氮代谢相关酶活性，促进了可溶性糖(SSC)、蔗糖(SUC)、可溶性蛋白(SP)和脯氨酸(Pro)在幼穗中的积累，降低了丙二醛(MDA)的毒性。由于分次施磷增加了生殖发育所需的有机营养，小麦幼穗对低温胁迫的抗性增强，每穗不育小穗数(SSN)比传统施磷降低11.8%，小穗结实率(SSR)和最终产量比传统施磷分别提高6.0%和8.4%。随着低温处理结束时间的延长，分次施磷的改善作用更加明显。

Abstract: Extreme low-temperature incidents have become more frequent and severe as climate change intensifies. In Huang-Huai-Hai wheat growing area of China, the late spring coldness occurring at the jointing-booting stage (the anther interval stage) has resulted in significant yield losses of winter wheat. This study attempts to develop an economical, feasible, and efficient cultivation technique for improving the low-temperature (LT) resistance of wheat by exploring the effects of twice-split phosphorus application (TSPA) on wheat antioxidant characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism physiology under LT treatment at the anther interval stage using Yannong 19 as the experimental material. The treatments consisted of traditional phosphorus application and TSPA, followed by a –4°C LT treatment and natural temperature (NT) control at the anther interval stage. Our analyses showed that, compared with the traditional application, the TSPA increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves and reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in the young wheat spikes was also increased by the TSPA, which promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar (SS), sucrose (SUC), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) in young wheat spike and reduced the toxicity of malondialdehyde (MDA). Due to the improved organic nutrition for reproductive development, the young wheat spikes exhibited enhanced LT resistance, which reduced the sterile spikelet number (SSN) per spike by 11.8% and increased the spikelet setting rate (SSR) and final yield by 6.0 and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the traditional application. The positive effects of split phosphorus application became more pronounced when the LT treatment was prolonged.

Key words: optimizing phosphorus application , low temperature stress , carbon-nitrogen metabolism , young spike development , wheat

XU Hui, HOU Kuo-yang, FANG Hao, LIU Qian-qian, WU Qiu, LIN Fei-fei, DENG Rui, ZHANG Lin-jie, CHEN Xiang, LI Jin-cai. 分次施磷通过促进小穗发育和结实缓解低温对小麦的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(12): 3667-3680.

XU Hui, HOU Kuo-yang, FANG Hao, LIU Qian-qian, WU Qiu, LIN Fei-fei, DENG Rui, ZHANG Lin-jie, CHEN Xiang, LI Jin-cai. Twice-split phosphorus application alleviates low-temperature impacts on wheat by improved spikelet development and setting[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(12): 3667-3680.

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