Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12): 3652-3666.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.007

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应用控释肥培育水稻串联式水卷苗：机插秧变得更经济和高产

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-12-02 接受日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-09

Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers: Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding

HE Wen-jun1, 2, 3, HE Bin1, 2, 3, WU Bo-yang1, 2, 3, WANG Yu-hui1, 2, 3, YAN Fei-yu4, DING Yan-feng1, 2, 3, LI Gang-hua1, 2, 3#   

  1. 1 Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China
    2 National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China
    3 China-Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China
    4 School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-12-02 Accepted:2023-03-20 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-09
  • About author:HE Wen-jun, E-mail: 2019201028@njau.edu.cn; #Correspondence LI Gang-hua, Tel: +86-25-84396475, Fax: +86- 25-84396302, E-mail: lgh@njau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871573), the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2017369) and the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (JASTIF) (CX (18)1002).

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摘要：

机插稻传统的土育秧不仅消耗资源，而且费时费力。因此，对于水稻轻简高效育秧而言，串联式水卷苗等无土育秧方法养分管理的改善和优化是必要的。本研究以控释肥（CRF）-释放周期为3个月的树脂包衣复合肥（PCCF-3M）作为育秧肥(SF)，并且设置5种不同用量：SF-0，SF-10，SF-20，SF-30，SF-40，以基质育秧作为对照（CK）。在所有SF处理中，施用20g/盘SF（SF-20）的处理效果最好，秧苗素质和机插质量均与CK相当。相反，较低施用量（SF-0和SF-10）导致秧苗氮含量低并抑制地上部生长；较高施用量导致毒害（丙二醛含量增加）并抑制根系生长。与CK相比，SF-20处理增加了穗数（5.6-7.0%）和产量（4.3-5.3%），这可能与被根系盘住的剩余SF移栽后促进秧苗分蘖生长有关。此外，SF-20处理降低了秧块重量（53.1%）和育秧成本（23.5%）并提高了利润，这表明该处理是轻简和经济的。综上所述，SF-20处理是一种促进水稻秧苗生长和提高移栽效率的经济和有效的方式。据我们所知，本研究第一次在水稻无土育秧基础上明确最适的CRF用量。

Abstract: The traditional soil-based rice seedling production methods for mechanical transplanting are resource-intensive, time consuming and laborious. The improvement and optimization of nutrient management in soil-less nursery raising methods like tandem long-mat seedlings (TLMS) are necessary for the resource-efficient cultivation of rice. In the present study, a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF)-polymer-coated compound fertilizer with 3 months release period (PCCF-3M) was applied as seedling fertilizer (SF), and five different dosages of SF (SF-0, SF-10, SF-20, SF-30, and SF-40) were compared with an organic substrate as the control (CK). Among all SF treatments, the best results were obtained with the application of 20 g/tray of SF (SF-20), as the seedling quality and machine transplanting quality were comparable to those of CK. In contrast, the lower dosages (SF-0 and SF-10) resulted in low nitrogen content and reduced shoot growth, while the higher dosages (SF-30 and SF-40) resulted in toxicity (increased malondialdehyde accumulation) and inhibited the root growth. Similarly, SF-20 increased panicle number (5.6–7.0%) and yield (4.3–5.3%) compared with CK, which might be related to the remaining SF entangled in the roots supporting the tiller growth of rice seedlings in the field. Moreover, SF-20 reduced the seedling block weight (53.1%) and cost of seedling production (23.5%) but increased the gross margin, indicating that it was easy to handle and economical. Taken together, our results indicate that SF-20 is a cost-effective way to promote the growth and transplanting efficiency of rice seedlings. To our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the optimum dosage of CRF for the soil-less production of rice seedlings.

Key words: machine-transplanted rice ,  tandem long-mat seedlings ,  controlled release fertilizer ,  seedling quality ,  yield