中国20个主栽石榴品种的综合评价

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63389-5

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来有关石榴产品的研究显著增加，成功地引起了消费者对石榴营养价值和药用价值的关注，并促进了石榴产业在世界上的发展。但是，有关中国石榴的报道却很少。本文测定了中国6个地区20个石榴品种的果实形态特征和化学成分，通过主成分分析进行全面综合评价，结果表明‘御石榴1’，‘泰山红2’，‘突尼斯’软籽和‘慕乐’是非常有发展潜力的石榴品种，其中前两个品种是由中国科研人员培育。尤其是，在中国栽培的‘慕乐’比西班牙栽培的果实更大，且假种皮含水量更高。在20个石榴品种中，假种皮中花青素含量较高的是‘土耳其’，‘墨玉’和‘红天使’，适于提取天然食用红色素；而红色果皮的‘红如意’和‘红双喜’，其假种皮富含维生素C，汁液丰富，且较低的可滴定酸，可进一步开发多种用途。而且，对比四个地区种植的‘突尼斯’软籽石榴，发现栽培地区对果实性状的影响大于基因型的影响。此外，还建立了中国石榴品种的成熟指数。因此本研究能为石榴的农业生产、工业利用，以及育种研究提供指导。

Abstract: Recent investigations on pomegranate products have significantly increased and successfully drawn consumers’ attention to nutritional and medicinal values, promoting the pomegranate industry’s development worldwide. However, little information on pomegranates grown in China is available. Morphological and chemical characterizations of fruits and arils from 20 pomegranate cultivars in six regions of China were investigated. Combined with overall scores by principal component analysis, ‘Yushiliu No. 1’, ‘Taishanhong No. 2’, ‘Tunisia’ and ‘Mollar’ were promising cultivars, and Chinese researchers bred the first two. It was surprising that ‘Mollar’ had bigger fruit size and more aril moisture grown in China than in Spain. Cultivars with higher anthocyanin content in arils were ‘Turkey’, ‘Moyu’ and ‘Red Angel’, which might be used as the source of natural red food colourants. While red husk ‘Hongruyi’ and ‘Hongshuangxi’ with higher vitamin C, aril moisture and lower titratable acid in arils, might also be promising cultivars for further various utilization. Furthermore, the comparison of ‘Tunisia’ fruits from four regions revealed that cultivation locations had more influence on fruit traits than genotypes. Maturity index classification was established for Chinese pomegranate cultivars. Therefore, the results would provide a valuable guide for agricultural cultivation, industrial utilization, and breeding.

Key words: Punica granatum L. , fruit morphological characteristics , aril assessment , husk colour , vitamin C , anthocyanin content

. 中国20个主栽石榴品种的综合评价 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 434-445.

CHEN Yan-hui, GAO Hui-fang, WANG Sa, LIU Xian-yan, HU Qing-xia, JIAN Zai-hai, WAN Ran, SONG Jin-hui, SHI Jiang-li. Comprehensive evaluation of 20 pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars in China [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 434-445.

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