Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2021, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (7): 1933-1943.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63278-6

所属专题： 农业生态环境-有机碳与农业废弃物还田合辑Agro-ecosystem & Environment—SOC

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-11 出版日期:2021-07-01 发布日期:2021-06-02

Response of carbon footprint to plastic film mulch application in spring maize production and mitigation strategy

CHEN Bao-qing1, Shahar BARAM2, DONG Wen-yi1, HE Wen-qing1, LIU En-ke1, YAN Chang-rong1    

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2 Institute for Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Research Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
  • Received:2020-03-11 Online:2021-07-01 Published:2021-06-02
  • Contact: Correspondence YAN Chang-rong, Tel/Fax: +86-10-82106018, E-mail: yanchangrong@caas.cn; LIU En-ke, Tel/Fax: +86-10-82109773, E-mail: liuenke@caas.cn
  • About author:CHEN Bao-qing, Tel: +86-10-82109773, E-mail: chenbaoqing01 @caas.cn;
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901477, 31871575 and 3191101554) and the Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (BSRF201909).

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摘要：

以更少的环境代价生产更多的食物是当前全球面临的重要挑战。当前，地膜覆盖技术已成为农业生产中提高作物产量的重要措施，但其对作物生产温室气体排放的影响仍不清楚。本研究的主要目标是定量评价地膜覆盖对作物生产生命周期温室气体排放的影响，并提出相应的削减策略。本研究选取黄土高原春玉米农田作为研究地点，通过2015-2018年4年田间试验，对裸地栽培、常规地膜覆盖栽培和免耕一膜两用栽培体系下的单位面积、单位产量和单位经济产出碳足迹进行了系统评价。评价结果表明，与裸地栽培相比，常规地膜覆盖在4年田间实验中使玉米平均产量提高了24%，但同时使得单位面积碳足迹增加了69%，其中59%由地膜材料的投入引起，10%由地膜覆盖期间土壤N2O排放增加引起。常规地膜覆盖所带来的产量增加并不能抵消其所引发的碳足迹增加，其使得单位产量和单位经济产出碳足迹均增加了36%。改常规覆盖栽培为免耕一膜两用栽培后，作物产量并没有降低，但由于地膜材料投入量、N2O排放和机械燃油的降低，单位面积碳足迹降低了21%，单位产量和单位经济产出碳足迹降低了23%。与裸地栽培相比，免耕一膜两用栽培下的单位产量和单位经济产出碳足迹仅高出5%。这一研究表明减少地膜投入量对于低碳农业发展十分必要，而采用免耕一膜两用代替常规地膜栽培有望在保障作物高产的同时实现碳足迹的有效削减。


Abstract:

Producing more food with a lower environmental cost is one of the most crucial challenges worldwide.  Plastic mulching has developed as one of the most dominant practices to improve crop yields, however its impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the production life cycle of a crop are still unclear.  The objective of this work is to quantify the impacts of plastic film on GHG emissions and to reduce GHG emissions with innovative agronomic practices.  Carbon footprint per unit of area (CFa), per unit of maize grain yield (CFy), and per unit of economic output (CFe) were evaluated for three maize cultivation systems: a no mulch system, a conventional plastic mulching system (PM) and a biennial plastic mulching pattern, namely a ‘one film for 2 years’ system (PM2), during 2015–2018 in a maize field located on the Loess Plateau of China.  The results suggested that PM induced a 24% improvement in maize yields during the four experimental years compared to a no-mulch treatment (NM).  However, PM dramatically increased the CFa by 69%, 59% of which was created by the input of the plastic film material, and 10% was created by increases in the soil N2O emissions.  The yield improvements from PM could not offset the increases in CFa, and CFy and CFe were both increased by 36%.  Shifting from PM to PM2 did not reduce crop yields, but it led to a 21% reduction in CFa and 23% reductions in CFy and CFe due to the reduced input amount of plastic film, decreased soil N2O emissions, and less diesel oil used for tillage.  Compared to NM, CFy and CFe were only 5% higher in PM2.  This study highlights the necessity of reducing the amount of plastic film input in the development of low-carbon agriculture and shifting from conventional PM cultivation to PM2 could be an efficient option for mitigating GHG emissions while sustaining high crop yields in plastic mulched fields. 

Key words: carbon footprint , greenhouse gas ,  plastic film ,  maize