Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62712-7

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2020, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 1019-1032.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62712-7

收稿日期:2018-12-07 出版日期:2020-04-01 发布日期:2020-03-04

Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea

LIANG Xiao-yan^{1, 2*}, GUO Feng^{2, 3*}, FENG Ye⁴, ZHANG Jia-lei^{2, 3}, YANG Sha^{2, 3}, MENG Jing-jing^{2, 3}, LI Xin-guo^{2, 3}, WAN Shu-bo^{3, 5}

¹Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264002, P.R.China
² Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R.China
³ Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, P.R.China
⁴ Agriculture Bureau of Yiyuan, Zibo 256100, P.R.China
⁵ Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R.China

Received:2018-12-07 Online:2020-04-01 Published:2020-03-04
Contact: Correspondence LI Xin-guo, Tel: +86-531-66659047, E-mail: lixinguo@tom.com; WAN Shu-bo, Tel: +86-531-83178127, E-mail: wansb@saas.ac.cn
About author:LIANG Xiao-yan, E-mail: liangxiaoyan1001@163.com; * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD1000900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571605, 31801276), the Major Basic Research Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (2018GHZ007), the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province, China (2018YFJH0601), the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (CXGC2018D04, CXGC2016B03-1), the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (CXGC2018E13, CXGC2016B10, CXGC2018F6), the Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project in Shandong Province, China (201706), and the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双粒播种（双粒穴播）是我国传统花生主要种植方式，但是同穴双株之间的竞争限制了植株的生长和产量的形成，另外，传统的双粒播种不利于机械化操作。本研究旨在探讨适宜播种量的单粒播种是否产量优于传统双粒播种以及根系的生理代谢差异。通过连续两年的大田试验，比较了18万粒/ ha^-1（S180）、22.5万粒/ ha^-1（S225）、27万粒/ ha^-1（S270）的单粒播种与27万粒/ ha^-1（D270）双粒播种的荚果产量差异；同时，比较了根系伤流速率、根系养分含量及伤流液中主要激素含量的差异。试验采用完全随机区组设计，四次重复。结果表明：3个密度的单粒精播荚果产量均高于传统双粒穴播（D270），但S225的荚果产量均高于其它2个单粒精播密度（S180和S270）。22.5万粒/ ha^-1的单粒精播荚果产量显著增加主要原因在于单株荚果干重及收获指数的增加，而单株荚果重及地上部生物量的增加与根系伤流速率、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖含量及伤流液中K⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ca²⁺含量等根系生理指标存在密切关系；同时，根系还原酶、硝酸还原酶、ATP酶活性的提高及根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量的增加对荚果及地上部的生长也具有重要作用。因此，适宜密度（22.5万粒/ ha^-1）的单粒精播在提高花生产量和节约种子成本方面是一种有潜力的栽培措施。

Abstract:

Double-seed sowing (two seeds per hole) is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China, but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation. Besides, the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing. The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots. A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180 000 (S180), 225 000 (S225), and 270 000 seeds ha^–1 (S270) with that of double-seed sowing at 270 000 seeds ha^–1 (D270) using a completely randomized block design with four replications. And the root bleeding sap rate, nutrient content, and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated. Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing (D270), S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments (S180 and S270). The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225 000 seeds ha^–1 was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index. The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate, content of free amino acids, soluble sugars, K⁺, Mg^2+, Zn²⁺, and Ca²⁺ of the individual plant root. The improved activity of root reductive, nitrate reductase (NR) and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) content of root bleeding sap were also crucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut. Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate (S225) is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost.

Key words: peanut , sowing pattern , seeding rate , root traits , yield

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(4): 1019-1032.

LIANG Xiao-yan, GUO Feng, FENG Ye, ZHANG Jia-lei, YANG Sha, MENG Jing-jing, LI Xin-guo, WAN Shu-bo. Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(4): 1019-1032.

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Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea

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