TEI（Tomato Elongated Internode）基因编码一种GA20ox蛋白调控番茄节间伸长

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.055

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 1475-1487.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.055

TEI（Tomato Elongated Internode）基因编码一种GA20ox蛋白调控番茄节间伸长

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-12-29 接受日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-03-10

The TEI (Tomato Elongated Internode) gene encodes a GA20ox protein conferring internode elongation in tomato

Xinyi Jia¹, Hexuan Wang¹, Chunying Feng¹, Xinyi Zhang¹, Guohao Yang¹, Ping Zhang¹, Qingjun Fu¹, Te Wang¹, Jingfu Li¹, He Zhang¹, Jingbin Jiang¹, Ke Wen², Xiangyang Xu^1#, Huanhuan Yang^1#

¹College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
²Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-12-29 Accepted:2025-11-17 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-03-10
About author:Xinyi Jia, E-mail: jia593718265@163.com; #Correspondence Xiangyang Xu, E-mail: xuxyneau@gmail.com; Huanhuan Yang, E-mail: huanyaya0126@sina.com
Supported by:
This study was support by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (YQ2024C010); the Key Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province, China (SC2022ZX02C0202); CARS (CARS-23-A11) and the Hainan Province “Nanhai Xinxing” Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Project, China (NHXXRCXM202333).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 理想的植株结构是番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）实现高产的关键因素，而节间长度与节间数量直接影响植株高度，因此研究节间形态的调控机制对番茄遗传改良至关重要。本研究发现一种自然发生的田间突变体—番茄节间伸长突变体（tei），其主要特征为节间更长、叶色更深。通过生理激素检测与显微观察发现，与野生型（WT）植株相比，tei 突变体表现出内源赤霉素 GA3 水平升高、光合能力增强以及茎节间细胞伸长的特点。对 tei 与 WT 的 RNA-seq 分析结果显示，赤霉素代谢途径显著富集。采用 BSA-seq 技术对 tei、WT 及 F₂ 分离群体进行定位分析，结合分子标记精细定位技术成功定位到候选基因 TEI（番茄节间伸长基因）；该基因编码赤霉素 20 氧化酶（GA20ox）蛋白，其基因编号为 Solyc09g042210。进一步研究发现，TEI 基因启动子区域存在大量单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与插入缺失突变（InDel），且 tei 突变体茎中 TEI 基因的表达水平显著高于 WT；此外，敲除 TEI 基因可很大程度上消除其对节间伸长的调控作用。综上，本研究提出 TEI 基因是调控 tei 突变体节间伸长表型的主要效应基因。该发现为研究人员提供了新的研究思路，即通过调控赤霉素稳态改良作物品种，最终有望助力培育更优质的番茄品种。

Abstract: The ideal plant architecture is a critical factor in achieving high yields in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation. The length and number of internodes directly influence plant height. Therefore, investigating the regulatory mechanisms of internode morphology is essential for the genetic enhancement of tomatoes. We identified a naturally occurring field mutant, tomato elongated internode (tei), characterized by longer internodes and darker leaf color. Physiological hormone and microscopic studies revealed that, compared to wild-type (WT) plants, the tei mutant exhibited increased endogenous GA3 levels, enhanced photosynthetic capacity, and elongation of stem internode cells. RNA-seq analysis results of tei and WT indicated enrichment in the gibberellin pathway. We employed BSA-seq for mapping analysis on tei, WT, and F₂ populations, leading to the fine mapping of the candidate gene designated as TEI (Tomato Elongated Internode). This gene encoded a gibberellin 20 oxidase (GA20ox) protein and was identified as Solyc09g042210. Additionally, we discovered numerous SNPs and InDel mutations in the TEI promoter region, with expression levels of TEI in tei stems significantly higher than those in WT. Furthermore, knocking out the TEI gene eliminated its role in elongating internodes. We proposed that TEI serves as the primary effector gene regulating the internode elongation phenotype associated with tei. This discovery offered researchers a novel target for enhancing crop plant varieties by modulating gibberellin homeostasis, ultimately contributing to the breeding of superior tomato varieties.

Key words: internode elongation , gibberellins , BSA-seq , fine mapping , tomato

Xinyi Jia, Hexuan Wang, Chunying Feng, Xinyi Zhang, Guohao Yang, Ping Zhang, Qingjun Fu, Te Wang, Jingfu Li, He Zhang, Jingbin Jiang, Ke Wen, Xiangyang Xu, Huanhuan Yang. TEI（Tomato Elongated Internode）基因编码一种GA20ox蛋白调控番茄节间伸长[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(4): 1475-1487.

Xinyi Jia, Hexuan Wang, Chunying Feng, Xinyi Zhang, Guohao Yang, Ping Zhang, Qingjun Fu, Te Wang, Jingfu Li, He Zhang, Jingbin Jiang, Ke Wen, Xiangyang Xu, Huanhuan Yang. The TEI (Tomato Elongated Internode) gene encodes a GA20ox protein conferring internode elongation in tomato[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(4): 1475-1487.

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TEI（Tomato Elongated Internode）基因编码一种GA20ox蛋白调控番茄节间伸长

The TEI (Tomato Elongated Internode) gene encodes a GA20ox protein conferring internode elongation in tomato

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