深入了解桂花中的牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPPS）基因家族以及 GGPPS13 在花色花香形成中的作用

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.11.029

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 138-149.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.11.029

深入了解桂花中的牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPPS）基因家族以及 GGPPS13 在花色花香形成中的作用

收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2025-11-17 接受日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-12-05

Insights into the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) gene family in Osmanthus fragrans and the role of OfGGPPS13 in the formation of floral color and aroma

Hanruo Qiu, Qingyin Tian, Guimin Zeng, Chenchen Xie, Xiulian Yang, Lianggui Wang, Yuanzheng Yue^#

State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding/Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province/College of Landscape Architecture/College of Forestry and Grassland & Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2025-11-17 Accepted:2025-04-29 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-12-05
About author:#Correspondence Yuanzheng Yue, E-mail: yueyuanzheng@njfu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071828 and 32471943), the Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project, China (Su2024TG04), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China, and partly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

桂花以其浓郁的香气而闻名，不同品种的桂花具有不同程度的香味和颜色。香气和颜色是影响桂花观赏品质的重要因素。萜类化合物是植物中重要的次生代谢产物，其中β-胡萝卜素（C40）是桂花中的主要色素物质，芳樟醇（C10）是芳桂花中的关键芳香成分。牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶基因（GGPPSs）在植物的次生代谢中起重要作用。然而，关于GGPPS家族在桂花花色和香味形成中的功能却鲜有报道。本研究鉴定了分属两个亚家族的24个OfGGPPSs。OfGGPPSs的表达具有组织特异性，其中OfGGPPS13在花中的表达量最高。OfGGPPS13蛋白定位于叶绿体。通过qRT-PCR验证了在花的不同发育阶段，OfGGPPS13在香气浓郁的‘晚银桂’的表达量高于颜色深沉的‘状元红’，结果与转录组数据一致。OfGGPPS13在花瓣中的瞬时过表达结果表明，OfGGPPS13增加了花瓣中主要着色物质β-胡萝卜素的含量，但降低了花瓣香气中主要VOC芳樟醇的含量。因此我们认为GGPPS13是桂花花香花色形成过程中与萜类化合物合成有关的关键基因。本研究为GGPPS基因家族提供了基因资源，有助于进一步揭示桂花花香花色形成的分子调控机制。

Abstract:

Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma, and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color. Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O. fragrans. Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants, with β-carotene (C40) being the major pigment substance and linalool (C10) being the key aromatic component in O. fragrans. The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase genes (GGPPSs) play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants. However, the functions of the GGPPS family in floral color and fragrance formation has rarely been reported in O. fragrans. In this study, 24 OfGGPPS genes were identified and classified into two subfamilies. The OfGGPPSs showed tissue-specific expression and OfGGPPS13 had highest expression in flowers. The OfGGPPS13 protein was localized to chloroplasts. The transcriptome data of OfGGPPS13 was verified by qRT-PCR and the expression level in ‘Wanyingui’ with strong aroma was higher than that in ‘Zhuangyuanhong’ with deep color at different flower development stages. Transient overexpression of OfGGPPS13 in O. fragrans petals showed that OfGGPPS13 increased the β-carotene content, the main color substance of O. fragrans, but decreased the linalool content, the main volatile organic compound (VOC) in the floral aroma of O. fragrans. OfGGPPS13 was indicated as the critical gene related to terpenoid synthesis in the floral aroma and color formation in O. fragrans. Our findings provide gene resources on the GGPPS gene family for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the floral color and aroma formation in O. fragrans.

Key words: GGPPS gene family , Osmanthus fragrans , floral color and aroma formation , functional characterization

Hanruo Qiu, Qingyin Tian, Guimin Zeng, Chenchen Xie, Xiulian Yang, Lianggui Wang, Yuanzheng Yue. 深入了解桂花中的牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPPS）基因家族以及 GGPPS13 在花色花香形成中的作用[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 138-149.

Hanruo Qiu, Qingyin Tian, Guimin Zeng, Chenchen Xie, Xiulian Yang, Lianggui Wang, Yuanzheng Yue. Insights into the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) gene family in Osmanthus fragrans and the role of OfGGPPS13 in the formation of floral color and aroma[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 138-149.

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深入了解桂花中的牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPPS）基因家族以及 GGPPS13 在花色花香形成中的作用

Insights into the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) gene family in Osmanthus fragrans and the role of OfGGPPS13 in the formation of floral color and aroma

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