Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 1647-1663.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.09.020

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秸秆质量通过活的微生物或微生物残体途径影响中国东北黑土区土壤有机碳的形成

  

  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04 修回日期:2025-09-22 接受日期:2025-08-09 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-03-16

Straw tissue quality influence the formation pathways of soil organic carbon via living microbes or microbial necromass in a Mollisols, Northeast China

Qilin Zhang1, Xiujun Li1, 2, Guoshuang Chen1, Nana Luo1, Shufeng Zhang1, Ezemaduka Anastasia Ngozi3, Xinrui Lu1#   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China

    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    3 .School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China

  • Received:2025-03-04 Revised:2025-09-22 Accepted:2025-08-09 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-03-16
  • About author:Qilin Zhang, E-mail: zhangqilin@iga.ac.cn; #Correspondence Xinrui Lu, Tel: +86-431-85542226, E-mail: luxinrui@iga.ac.cn
  • Supported by:

    This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28020401 and XDA23070500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877024), and the Key Laboratory Foundation of Mollisols Agroecology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2020ZKHT-05).  

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摘要：

土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）作为陆地生态系统的最大碳库，对土壤质量具有显著影响。秸秆还田是一种公认的提升土壤碳固存的有效措施。本研究通过为期365天的培养实验，在黑土中添加1%质量比的¹³C标记玉米秸秆的茎（ST）、叶（LE）和鞘（SH）组织后，定量评估秸秆碳（SDC）对土壤有机碳组分（包括游离态颗粒有机碳（fPOC）、闭蓄态颗粒有机碳（oPOC）和矿物结合有机碳（MAOC））的贡献，并探究了微生物群落与碳组分之间的关系。结果表明，与对照相比，ST、LE和SH处理均增加SOC、fPOC和MAOC含量，增加幅度分别是4.8-19.5%、35.7-49.5%和1.6-3.9%。LE处理的SDC-SOC和SDC-MAOC含量较ST和SH处理分别高29.1-38.1%和17.5-44.5%，而SH处理的SDC-oPOC含量则高于LE处理3.1%。各处理的磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）含量随培养时间呈持续下降趋势，而微生物残体含量在培养前期保持波动，后期呈现明显上升趋势。结构方程模型进一步揭示，ST处理的木质素和氮含量的比值（LigN）与SDC-fPOC呈负相关；SH处理的细菌多样性与LigN呈负相关，而与SDC-oPOC呈正相关；LE处理中微生物残体与SDC-MAOC呈显著正相关。这表明颗粒有机碳动态主要受秸秆化学特征的调控，而矿物结合有机碳的形成则同时受微生物残体特征和秸秆化学特征的共同影响。研究结果将深化了我们对秸秆质量通过调控微生物群落影响土壤有机碳周转与稳定机制的认识，为制定提升土壤肥力政策和促进秸秆资源高效利用提供了重要理论依据。

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon (SOC), representing the largest terrestrial organic carbon pool, significantly influences soil quality.  The incorporation of residues is widely recognized as a method to regulate SOC sequestration.  A 365-day incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the contribution of straw-derived carbon (SDC) of varying quality to SOC fractions (free-floating particulate organic carbon (fPOC), occluded POC (oPOC) and mineral-associated OC (MAOC)), and examine the relationships between microorganisms and SOC fractions by incorporating 13C-labelled maize stem straw (ST), leave straw (LE), sheath straw (SH) (1%) in Chinese Mollisols.  Results indicated that compared to control (CK), ST, LE and SH treatments enhanced SOC, fPOC and MAOC by 4.8–19.5, 35.7–49.5 and 1.6–3.9%, respectively.  The SDC-SOC and MAOC content of LE were 29.1–38.1% and 17.5–44.5% higher than ST and SH, respectively.  The SDC-oPOC content of SH was 3.1% higher than LE.  The PLFA concentration decreased steadily throughout the incubation period, while necromass remained in-fluctuating until an obvious increasing trend observed at later stage.  Furthermore, structural equation model (SEM) revealed that lignin to nitrogen ratio (LigN) of ST exhibited negative association with SDC-fPOC, and bacterial diversity in SH showed negative correlation with LigN and positive correlation with SDC-oPOC, while demonstrating positive correlation between microbial necromass and SDC-MAOC in LE.  These findings indicated that POC dynamics correlated with straw chemical traits, while MAOC showed links to both microbial necromass traits and straw chemical characteristics.  These findings advance our understanding of how straw residue quality influences SOC turnover and stabilization through microbial community interactions, contributing to the development of policies to improve soil fertility, and promote the rational and efficient utilization of straw.

Key words: soil organic carbon , straw quality , microbial necromass , living microbial , particulate organic carbon , mineral-associated organic carbon