Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 262-272.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.04.022

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长期施用有机肥通过缓解土壤酸化和增强氮素矿化促进N2O排放

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-04-18 接受日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-12-09

Long-term manure amendment enhances N2O emissions from acidic soil by alleviating acidification and increasing nitrogen mineralization

Lei Wu1, Jing Hu2#, Muhammad Shaaban3, Jun Wang1, Kailou Liu4, Minggang Xu1, Wenju Zhang1#   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

    2 Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China

    3 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China

    4 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, China

  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-04-18 Accepted:2025-03-13 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-12-09
  • About author:Lei Wu, Tel: +86-10-82108635, E-mail: wulei01@caas.cn; #Correspondence Wenju Zhang, E-mail: zhangwenju01@caas.cn; Jing Hu, E-mail: hj18810756607@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This research was financially supported by the National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Project of China (2021FY100501), and the Youth Innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2023QC16).

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摘要：

长期施用有机肥能有效缓解土壤酸化，增加固碳潜力和养分有效性，提高农田土壤肥力水平。然而，有机肥长期施用对酸性土壤N2O排放的影响机制尚不清楚。基于此，本研究依托连续36年施肥处理（包含不施肥, CK; 常规施化肥, F; 2倍常规化肥用量, 2F; 单施有机肥, M; 化肥配施有机肥, FM）的酸性旱地红壤定位试验，研究不同施肥处理的土壤N2O排放特征及其与初级氮素矿化速率、初级硝化速率、硝化和反硝化功能微生物的关联性。与CK处理相比(1.34 μg N kg–1 d–1)，施肥处理N2O排放平均增加了34倍，其中有机肥配施处理N2O排放(10.6–169 μg N kg–1 d–1)显著高于单施化肥处理(3.26–5.51 μg N kg–1 d–1)。有机肥施用引起的N2O排放增加强度与增加的土壤酸碱度、团聚体稳定性、底物有效性、氮素矿化速率和反硝化功能基因比值(nirK+nirS)/nosZ密切相关。这些研究结果表明有机肥施用通过缓解土壤酸化、增加底物有效性、改善土壤结构等方式，增强氮素矿化和反硝化介导的N2O产生过程，促进N2O排放。进一步研究发现，氨氧化细菌而非氨氧化古菌与土壤硝态氮含量和N2O排放显著正相关。这表明硝化过程通过为反硝化供应硝态氮，间接促进N2O产生和排放。总体而言，有机肥施用通过缓解土壤酸化、增加底物有效性等，增强氮素矿化和反硝化介导的N2O产生过程，提高N2O排放潜力。这些研究结果表明当我们通过施用有机肥等方式缓解土壤酸化和提升肥力水平时，应综合考虑有机肥施用引起的温室气体排放，实现农业绿色可持续生产。

Abstract:

Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility.  However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse gas N2O emissions from acidic soil mediated by long-term manure application remain poorly understood.  Herein, we investigated N2O emission and its linkage with gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as nitrifying and denitrifying microbes in an acidic upland soil subjected to 36-year fertilization treatments, including an unfertilized control (CK), inorganic fertilizer (F), 2× rate of inorganic fertilizer (2F), manure (M), and the combination of inorganic fertilizer and manure (FM) treatments.  Compared to the CK treatment (1.34 μg N kg–1 d–1), fertilization strongly increased N2O emissions by 34-fold on average, with more pronounced increases in the manure-amendment (10.6–169 μg N kg–1 d–1) than those in the inorganic fertilizer treatments (3.26–5.51 μg N kg–1 d–1).  The manure amendment-stimulated N2O emissions were highly associated with increased soil pH, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, substrate availability (e.g., particulate organic carbon, NO3− and available phosphorus), gross N mineralization rates, denitrifier abundances and the (nirK+nirS)/nosZ ratio.  These findings suggest that the increased N2O emissions primarily resulted from alleviated acidification, increased substrate availability and improved soil structure, thus enhancing microbial N mineralization and favoring N2O-producing denitrifiers over N2O consumers.  Moreover, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) positively correlated with soil NO3− concentration and N2O emissions, indicating that nitrification indirectly contributed to N2O production by supplying NO3− for denitrification.  Collectively, manure amendment potentially stimulates N2O emissions, primarily resulting from alleviated soil acidification and increased substrate availability, thus enhancing N mineralization and denitrifier-mediated N2O production.  Our findings suggest that consideration should be given to the greenhouse gas budgets of agricultural ecosystems when applying manure for managing the pH and fertility of acidic soils.  

Key words: long-term manure amendment ,  N2O emission , nitrogen mineralization , denitrification , (nirK+nirS)/nosZ