绿肥地表覆盖免耕可通过改善土壤水热环境、促进玉米根系结构和光合能力，提高玉米产量

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.03.010

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 4211-4224.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.03.010

绿肥地表覆盖免耕可通过改善土壤水热环境、促进玉米根系结构和光合能力，提高玉米产量

收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2025-03-20 接受日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-10-13

No-tillage with total green manure mulching increases maize yield through improved soil moisture and temperature environment and enhanced maize root structure and photosynthetic capacity

Yulong Wang, Aizhong Yu^#, Pengfei Wang, Yongpan Shang, Feng Wang, Hanqiang Lü, Xiaoneng Pang, Yue Li, Yalong Liu, Bo Yin, Dongling Zhang, Jianzhe Huo, Keqiang Jiang, Qiang Chai

State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-02-13 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-10-13
About author:Yulong Wang, E-mail: wyl1489270573@163.com; #Correspondence Aizhong Yu, Tel: +86-931-7603751, E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1900200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160524), the Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University, China (GAUfx-04J01), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22JR5RA867).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小麦-玉米轮作是西北绿洲灌区广泛采用的一种种植方式。这种种植方式虽然在一定程度上具有打破连作障碍的优势，但也存在蒸发量大、休耕期土壤退化突出等问题，严重制约了作物产量的提高。麦后复种绿肥还田能有效改善土壤理化性质，调节后茬作物光合特性，促进作物产量。然而，不同绿肥还田方式（GMRM）下作物增产的光合生理机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究通过探讨不同GMRM下土壤水热环境、玉米根系结构、光合特性、荧光特性与产量之间的关系，旨在为阐明GMRM提高玉米产量的光合生理机制提供理论依据。在中国甘肃石羊河流域的一个试验站进行了为期3年的野外试验。本研究设置五个处理：（1）传统翻耕，不复种绿肥（CT）（2）绿肥地表覆盖免耕（NTG）；（3）绿肥地上部移除免耕（NT）；（4）绿肥全量翻压（TG）；（5）绿肥地上部移除根茬翻压（T）。结果表明，与CT相比，NTG和TG显著提高了0~110 cm土层土壤含水量（SWC）、玉米苗期（V3）至拔节期（V6）的土壤温度（ST）、冠层覆盖度（CC）、叶片持绿度（SG）、根长（RL）、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSII的实际光化学效率（ՓPSII）、玉米生物量和籽粒产量（GY）。另外，与CT相比，NTG和TG显著降低了玉米大喇叭期（V12）至籽粒建成期（R2）的ST和多余能量耗散（NPQ）。绿肥还田主要通过提高土壤水分来改善玉米根系结构和冠层盖度。玉米根系结构和冠层盖度的优化提高了玉米相对叶绿素含量（SPAD），进而提高了Pn。Pn的增加抑制NPQ的增加，从而促进ՓPSII。ՓPSII的增加促进了玉米生物量的增加，最终实现了玉米GY的增加。

Abstract:

Wheat–maize rotation is a widely used planting pattern in oasis-irrigated areas in Northwest China. Although this planting pattern has the advantage of breaking the barrier of continuous cropping to some extent, it also presents some problems, such as large evaporation and prominent soil degradation during the fallow period, which seriously restricts the improvement of crop yield. Planting green manure (GM) after wheat and returning it to the field can effectively improve soil physicochemical properties, regulate the photosynthetic characteristics of subsequent crops, and promote crop yield. However, the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of crop yield improvement under different green manure return methods (GMRM) remains unclear. Therefore, by exploring the relationships among soil moisture and temperature environment, maize root structure, photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence characteristics and yield under different GMRM, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of GMRM to improve maize yield. A three-year field experiment was conducted at a research station in the Shiyang River Basin (Gansu, China). Five treatments were involved in this study: (i) conventional tillage without GM (CT), (ii) no-tillage with total GM mulching (NTG), (iii) no-tillage with removal of aboveground GM (NT), (iv) tillage with total GM incorporation (TG), and (v) tillage with only root incorporation (T). Results showed that the NTG and TG significantly increased soil water content (SWC) in 0–110 cm soil layer, soil temperature (ST) of maize seedlings (V3) to jointing stage (V6), canopy cover (CC), leaf stay-greenness (SG), root length (RL), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), actual photochemical efﬁciency of PSII (ΦPSII), maize biomass, and grain yield (GY) compared with CT. In addition, NTG and TG significantly decreased the ST of maize from the big trumpet stage (V12) to the blister stage (R2), and the dissipation of excess energy (NPQ), compared with CT. GM’s return to the field could improve root structure and canopy coverage of maize mainly by improving soil water content. The optimization of maize root structure and canopy coverage increased the maize chlorophyll content (SPAD) value and promoted P_n. The increase in P_n inhibits the increase in NPQ, thus promoting the activation of ΦPSII. The increase in ΦPSII promoted the increase in maize biomass, ultimately leading to an increase in maize GY.

Key words: common vetch , maize , photosynthesis , fluorescence characteristic , grain yield

Yulong Wang, Aizhong Yu, Pengfei Wang, Yongpan Shang, Feng Wang, Hanqiang Lü, Xiaoneng Pang, Yue Li, Yalong Liu, Bo Yin, Dongling Zhang, Jianzhe Huo, Keqiang Jiang, Qiang Chai. 绿肥地表覆盖免耕可通过改善土壤水热环境、促进玉米根系结构和光合能力，提高玉米产量[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(11): 4211-4224.

Yulong Wang, Aizhong Yu, Pengfei Wang, Yongpan Shang, Feng Wang, Hanqiang Lü, Xiaoneng Pang, Yue Li, Yalong Liu, Bo Yin, Dongling Zhang, Jianzhe Huo, Keqiang Jiang, Qiang Chai. No-tillage with total green manure mulching increases maize yield through improved soil moisture and temperature environment and enhanced maize root structure and photosynthetic capacity[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(11): 4211-4224.

参考文献

Ablimit R, Li W K, Zhang J D, Gao H N, Zhao Y M, Cheng M M, Meng X Q, An L Z, Chen Y. 2022. Altering microbial community for improving soil properties and agricultural sustainability during a 10-year maize–green manure intercropping in Northwest China. Journal of Environmental Management, 321, 115859.

Affortit P, Ahmed M, Grondin A, Delzon S, Carminati A, Laplaze L. 2023. Keep in touch: The soil–root hydraulic continuum and its role in drought resistance in crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 75, 584–593.

Araus J, Sanchez-Bragado R, Vicente R. 2021. Improving crop yield and resilience through optimization of photosynthesis: Panacea or pipe dream? Journal of Experimental Botany, 72, 3936–3955.

Balwinder S, Eberbach P L, Humphreys E, Kukal S S. 2011. The effect of rice straw mulch on evapotranspiration, transpiration and soil evaporation of irrigated wheat in Punjab, India. Agricultural Water Management, 98, 1847–1855.

Chen X Y, Ren H, Zhang J W, Zhao B, Ren B Z, Wan Y S, Liu P. 2024. Deep phosphorus fertilizer placement increases maize productivity by improving root–shoot coordination and photosynthetic performance. Soil and Tillage Research, 235, 105915.

Deng J Q, Hong N, Zhang Z X, Usman S, Yang X L, Shen Y Y, Li Y. 2021. Designing productive, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly production systems by replacing fallow period with annual forage cultivation on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128660.

Gina G, Anna E, Samiran B, Florine D, Pablo G P, David S P, Chantal H, Sana R, Aurélien S, Ayme S, Cameron W, Sara H, Fernando T M, Laurent P, Matthias C R, Marcel G A, Van D H. 2021. Crop cover is more important than rotational diversity for soil multifunctionality and cereal yields in European cropping systems. Nature Food, 2, 28–37.

Guo Y, Chai Q, Yin W, Fan H. 2022. Research progress of photosynthetic physiological mechanism and approaches to application in dense planting maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 48, 1871–1883. (in Chinese)

Hou P, Liu Y E, Liu W M, Yang H S, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Ming B, Liu G Z, Xue J, Wang Y H, Zhao R L, Zhang W J, Wang Y J, Bian S F, Ren H, Zhao X Y, Liu P, Chang J Z, Zhang G H, Liu J Y, et al. 2021. Quantifying maize grain yield losses caused by climate change based on extensive field data across China. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 174, 105811.

Klughammer C, Schreiber U. 2008. Complementary PS II quantum yields calculated from simple ﬂuorescence parameters measured by PAM ﬂuorometry and the Saturation Pulse method. PAM Application Notes, 1, 27–35.

Lee H H, Kim S U, Han H R, Hur D Y, Owens V N, Kumar S, Hong C O. 2021. Mitigation of global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in arable soil with green manure as source of nitrogen. Environmental Pollution, 288, 117724.

Li Y L, Chen P, Fu Z D, Luo K, Lin P, Gao C, Liu S S, Pu T, Yong T W, Yang W Y. 2023. Maize–soybean relay cropping increases soybean yield synergistically by extending the post-anthesis leaf stay-green period and accelerating grain filling. The Crop Journal, 6, 1921–1930.

Liu G Z, Yang Y S, Guo X X, Liu W M, Xie R Z, Ming B, Xue J, Wang K R, Li S K, Hou P. 2023. A global analysis of dry matter accumulation and allocation for maize yield breakthrough from 1.0 to 25.0 Mg ha−1. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 188, 106656.

Ma D K, Yin L N, Ju W L, Li X X, Deng X P, Wang S W. 2021. Meta-analysis of green manure effects on soil properties and crop yield in northern China. Field Crops Research, 266, 108146.

Nouri A, Lee J, Yin X H, Tyler D D, Saxton A M. 2019. Thirty-four years of no-tillage and cover crops improve soil quality and increase cotton yield in Alfisols, Southeastern USA. Geoderma, 337, 998–1008.

O’Brien P L, Daigh A L M. 2019. Tillage practices alter the surface energy balance - A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 195, 104354.

Quemada M, Lassaletta L, Leip A, Jones A, Lugato E. 2020. Integrated management for sustainable cropping systems: Looking beyond the greenhouse balance at the field scale. Global Change Biology, 26, 2584–2598.

Ren H L, Lv H S, Xu Q, Yao Z Y, Yao P W, Zhao N, Wang Z H, Huang D L, Cao W D, Gao Y J, Zhang D B. 2024. Green manure provides growth benefits for soil mesofauna by promoting soil fertility in agroecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research, 238, 106006.

Shareef M, Gui D W, Zeng F J, Waqas M, Zhang B, Iqbal H. 2018. Water productivity, growth, and physiological assessment of deficit irrigated cotton on hyperarid desert–oases in Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 206, 1–10.

Streit J, Meinen C, Rauber R. 2019. Intercropping effects on root distribution of eight novel winter faba bean genotypes mixed with winter wheat. Field Crops Research, 235, 1–10.

Tang Y L, Guo J M, Jagadish S K, Yang S J, Qiao J F, Wang C Y, Xie K, Wang H, Yang Q H, Deng L, Shao R X. 2023. Ovary abortion in field-grown maize under water deficit conditions is determined by photo-assimilation supply. Field Crops Research, 293, 108830.

Thidar M, Gong D Z, Mei X R, Gao L L, Li H R, Hao W P, Gu F X. 2020. Mulching improved soil water, root distribution and yield of maize in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106340.

Tian X Y, Engel B A, Qian H Y, Hua E, Sun S K, Wang Y B, 2021. Will reaching the maximum achievable yield potential meet future global food demand? Journal of Cleaner Production, 8, 126285.

Tian Y F, Wang Q Q, Gao W, Luo Y, Wu L, Rui Y C, Huang Y P, Xiao Q, Li X, Zhang W J. 2022. Organic amendments facilitate soil carbon sequestration via organic carbon accumulation and mitigation of inorganic carbon loss. Land Degradation and Development, 33, 1423–1433.

Virk A L, Lin B J, Kan Z R, Qi J Y, Dang Y P, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang H L. 2016. Simultaneous effects of legume cultivation on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 48, 297–387.

Wang F, Wang Y L, Lyu H Q, Fan Z L, Hu F L, He W, Yin W, Zhao C, Chai Q, Yu A Z. 2023. No-tillage mulch with leguminous green manure retention reduces soil evaporation and increases yield and water productivity of maize. Agricultural Water Management, 290, 108573.

Wang P F, Yu A Z, Wang F, Wang Y L, Lyu H Q, Shang Y P, Yang X H, Liu Y L, Yin B, Zhang D L, Chai Q. 2024. Nitrogen reduction by 20% with green manure retention reduces soil evaporation, promotes maize transpiration and improves water productivity in arid areas. Field Crops Research, 315, 109488.

Wang Y L, Lyu H Q, Yu A Z, Wang F, Li Y, Wang P F, Shang Y P, Yang X H, Chai Q. 2024. No-tillage mulch with green manure retention improves maize yield by increasing the net photosynthetic rate. European Journal of Agronomy, 159, 127275.

Wu A, Brider J, Busch F A, Chen M, Chenu K, Clarke V C, Collins B, Ermakova M, Evans J R, Farquhar G D, Forster B, Furbank R T, Groszmann M, Hernandez-Prieto M A, Long B M, Mclean G, Potgieter A, Price G D, Sharwood R E, Stower M, et al. 2023. A cross-scale analysis to understand and quantify the effects of photosynthetic enhancement on crop growth and yield across environments. Plant Cell Environment, 46, 23–44.

Wu G, Ling J, Liu Z X, Xu Y P, Chen X M, Wen Y, Zhou S L. 2022. Soil warming and straw return impacts on winter wheat phenology, photosynthesis, root growth, and grain yield in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 283, 108545.

Yang H K, Wu G, Mo P, Chen S H, Wang S Y, Xiao Y, Ma H L, Wen T, Guo X, Fan G Q. 2020. The combined effects of maize straw mulch and no-tillage on grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of dry-land winter heat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil and Tillage Research, 197, 104485.

Yang R, Song S J, Chen S Y, Du Z Y, Kong J Q. 2023. Adaptive evaluation of green manure rotation for a low fertility farmland system: Impacts on crop yield, soil nutrients, and soil microbial community. Catena, 222, 106873.

Yin F, He X Q, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Fan H, Yin W, Chai Q. 2022. Compensation of photosynthesis indexes and yield loss of wheat caused by nitrogen reduction with multiple cropping green manures. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 28, 1990–2000.

Yin W, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Fan H, He W, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. 2023a. No-tillage with straw mulching boosts grain yield of wheat via improving the eco-physiological characteristics in arid regions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 3416–3429.

Yin W, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Fan H, He W, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. 2023b. No-tillage with straw mulching promotes wheat production via regulating soil drying–wetting status and reducing soil–air temperature variation at arid regions. European Journal of Agronomy, 145, 126778.

Yu R, Zhang H Y, Chang F D, Song J S, Wang J, Wang X Q, Kan Z R, Zhao N, Li X H, Ma J, Li Y Y. 2024. Mixed sowing of Feed rape and Vicia villosa can substitute nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil multifunctionality in the Hetao irrigation District. Catena, 235, 107617.

Zhang D B, Zhang C, Ren H L, Xu Q, Yao Z Y, Yuan Y Q, Yao P W, Zhao N, Li Y Y, Zhang S Q, Zhai B N, Wang Z H, Huang D L, Cao W D, Gao Y J. 2021. Trade-offs between winter wheat production and soil water consumption via leguminous green manures in the Loess Plateau of China. Field Crops Research, 272, 108278.

Zhang M, Gao Y M, Zhang Y H, Fischer T, Zhao Z G, Zhou X N, Wang Z M, Wang E L. 2020. The contribution of spike photosynthesis to wheat yield needs to be considered in process-based crop models. Field Crops Research, 257, 107931.

Zhang S B, Bai J G, Zhang G X, Xia Z Q, Wu M K, Lu H D. 2023. Negative effects of soil warming, and adaptive cultivation strategies of maize: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 862, 160738.

Zhang Z G, An J, Xiong S W, Li X F, Xin M H, Wang J, Han Y C, Wang G P, Feng L, Lei Y P, Yang B F, Xing F F, Li Y B, Wang Z B. 2022. Orychophragmus violaceus–maize rotation increases maize productivity by improving soil chemical properties and plant nutrient uptake. Field Crops Research, 279, 108470.

Zhang Z H, Nie J, Liang H, Wei C L, Wang Y, Liao Y L, Lu Y H, Zhou G P, Gao S J, Cao W D. 2023. The effects of co-utilizing green manure and rice straw on soil aggregates and soil carbon stability in a paddy soil in South China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 1529–1545.

Zhang Z L, Kaye J P, Bradley B A, Amsili J P, Suseela V. 2022. Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions. Global Change Biology, 28, 5831–5848.

Zhou G P, Fan K K, Gao S J, Chang D N, Li G L, Liang T, Liang H, Li S, Zhang J D, Che Z X, Cao W D. 2023. Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years. Science China (Life Sciences), 67, 596–610.

绿肥地表覆盖免耕可通过改善土壤水热环境、促进玉米根系结构和光合能力，提高玉米产量

No-tillage with total green manure mulching increases maize yield through improved soil moisture and temperature environment and enhanced maize root structure and photosynthetic capacity

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics