一次性施用控释混合肥通过优化土壤氮素分布和根系特征提高

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

控释混合肥（CRBF）一次施用能够提高水稻的产量和氮素利用效率。然而，CRBF一次施肥下，土壤氮素分布和根系生长对水稻产量及氮素利用效率的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过为期两年的田间试验，探讨了不同肥料类型（普通尿素（U）和CRBF）和一次施肥方式（撒施与侧深施肥）对土壤氮素分布、植株氮吸收、根系特征、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。研究结果表明，与其他处理相比，CRBF一次施肥可使植株干物质量累积、氮吸收量、籽粒产量、氮素回收效率和氮素农学效率平均提高8.29、21.85、10.57、79.28和74.8%。其中，与撒施相比，CRBF侧深一次施肥进一步使氮素回收效率提高12.78%。此外，CRBF一次施肥提高了叶片SPAD值和谷氨酰胺合成酶/谷氨酸合成酶活性，分别增加了5.93和25.58%。CRBF一次施肥提高了土壤无机氮浓度，并呈现出“前期快速增加、后期趋于稳定”的特点。此外，CRBF一次施肥改善了水稻根系生长，使分蘖期和抽穗期的根系生物量、总根数、平均直径、总根长、总根表面积和总根体积分别增加28.30、28.56、18.64、13.38、35.26和37.06%。偏最小二乘路径建模分析表明，CRBF一次施肥通过提高土壤无机氮浓度来改善根系形态，从而增强植株氮吸收能力，最终提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率。综上所述，本研究结果表明，CRBF一次施肥是实现水稻高产高效的优化氮肥管理策略，其中侧深施肥是最优的一次施肥方式。

Abstract:

Single-time fertilization (STF) of controlled release blended fertilizer (CRBF) improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice production. However, the impact of soil nitrogen (N) distribution and root growth on rice yield and NUE under STF of CRBF remains unclear. This two-year field experiment investigated the effects of fertilizer types (normal urea (U) and CRBF) and single-time fertilization methods (broadcast and side-deep fertilization) on the soil N distribution, plant N uptake, root characteristics, grain yield and NUE. The results showed that CRBF under STF averaged increased plant dry matter accumulation, N uptake, grain yield, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) by 8.29, 21.85, 10.57, 79.28, and 74.8% compared to the other treatments, respectively. Side-deep fertilization of CRBF further increased NUE by 12.78% compared to broadcast. Moreover, CRBF under STF increased leaf SPAD value and glutamine synthetase (GS) /glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activity by 5.93 and 25.58%. CRBF under STF increased the soil inorganic N concentration and showed a “rising early and stabilizing later” characteristic. Additionally, CRBF under STF improved rice root growth and averaged increased root biomass, total root number, root average diameter, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume by 28.30, 28.56, 18.64, 13.38, 35.26, and 37.06% at tillering and heading stages, respectively. Partial least squares path modeling indicated that CRBF under STF increased soil inorganic N concentration to improve root morphology, thereby increasing N uptake and improving and rice yield and NUE. Taken together, our findings support that CRBF with single-time fertilization is the preferred N fertilizer strategy for achieving high yield and efficiency in rice and that side-deep fertilization is the optimal fertilization method.

Key words: yield , nitrogen use efficiency , controlled release blend fertilizer , soil nitrogen distribution , root

. 一次性施用控释混合肥通过优化土壤氮素分布和根系特征提高[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.034.

Yuhui Wang, Jie Sun, Shen Gao, Bin He, Zhengyang Wu, Wenjun He, Weike Tao, Xin’ao Tang, Zhi Geng, Weiwei Li, Fei Yang, Zhengrong Jiang, Zhenghui Liu, Yanfeng Ding, Soulaiman Sakr, Ganghua Li. Single-time fertilization of controlled release blended fertilizer optimizes soil nitrogen distribution and root characteristics to increase conventional japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.034.

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